Occurrence and chemical determination of zearalenone and alternariol monomethyl ether in sorghum-based mixed feeds associated with an outbreak of suspected hyperestrogenism in swine

Sydenham, Eric W.; Thiel, Pieter G.; Marasas, Walter F. O.

doi:10.1021/jf00081a054

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the natural occurrence of zearalenone in cornand sorghum-based mixed feeds in South Africa has been reported (Marasas et al, 1977(Marasas et al, , 1979Aucock et al, 1980;Thiel et al, 1982a,b;Sydenham et al, 1988), no zearalenone could be detected (at a detection limit of 10 ng/g) in these otherwise highly contaminated wheat samples. These observations are similar to those reported for Canadian (Trenholm et al, 1981) and Polish wheat samples (Visconti et al, 1986) but differ from those reports cited in Table III, where DON and NIV were cocontaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Fusarium graminearum infected undergrade wheat in South Africa

Sydenham¹,

Thiel²,

Marasas³

et al. 1989

J. Agric. Food Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Fusarium graminearum infected undergrade wheat in South Africa

Sydenham¹,

Thiel²,

Marasas³

et al. 1989

J. Agric. Food Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…AOH was quantified with a maximum level of 2320 µg/kg in wheat, whereas it was not detected in maize, barley, sorghum, rice, poultry feed, sunflower oil cake and cotton seed cake. For AME the maximum levels of 2250 and 1890 µg/kg were found in sorghum-based mixed feed for swine and in wheat, respectively (Sydenham et al, 1988;Abd el-Aal, 1997). Abd el-Aal (1997) investigated different agricultural commodities and feed.…”

Section: Previously Reported Occurrence Results Of Alternaria Toxins mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

399

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of Alternaria toxins in food and feed. In addition to causing plant diseases on many crops such as cereals, oilseeds, tomatoes, apples and olives, some of these toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This opinion deals with alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, iso-tenuazonic acid, altertoxins, tentoxin, altenuene and AAL-toxins (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxins). Two Member States provided 11,730 occurrence results in food and also data published in the scientific literature were considered. Generally these toxins were found in grains and grain-based products, tomato and tomato products, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil, fruits and fruit products, and beer and wine. The feed occurrence data (1150 results) were collected from the literature only. The knowledge on toxic effects of Alternaria toxins on farm and companion animals and occurrence data in feed were insufficient to assess the health risk for different species. For chicken there are indications that alternariol represents a health risk but it cannot be excluded that tenuazonic acid could also be of concern. Considering: (1) there are few or no relevant toxicity data on Alternaria toxins, (2) the chemical structure of several of them is known, (3) dietary exposure data exist for some of them, the Panel on Contaminants in the food chain used the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach to assess the relative level of concern for dietary exposure of humans to these mycotoxins. For the genotoxic Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, the estimated chronic dietary exposure exceeded the relevant TTC value indicating a need for additional toxicity data. The dietary exposure estimates for nongenotoxic tentoxin and tenuazonic acid are lower than the relevant TTC value and are considered unlikely to be a human health concern. SUMMARYAlternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. Alternaria alternata is the most common Alternaria species in harvested fruits and vegetables, and is the most important mycotoxin-producing species. Due to their growth even at low temperature, Alternaria species are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage.Alternaria species produce more than 70 phytotoxins, but a small proportion of them have been chemically characterised and reported to act as mycotoxins to humans and animals. Some toxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altertoxins (ATX) are described to induce harmful effects in animals, including fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. Culture extracts of A. altern...

show abstract

“…The presence of mycotoxins in natural environment as well as in foodstuffs has been reported as a problem for agriculture for several decades ( − ). In fact, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at least 25% of the world food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether on Flavedo and Albedo Tissues of Tangerines (Citrus reticulata) with Symptoms of Alternaria Brown Spot

Magnani

Souza

Rodrigues‐Filho

2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method was developed for the quantification of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether on tangerines with and without symptoms of Alternaria brown spot disease. The method employs solid-phase extraction for cleanup, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for detection. This method was validated on flavedo (exocarp or epicarp, exterior yellow peel) and on albedo tissue (mesocarp, interior white peel). An excellent linearity over a range of 0.50-20.0 mg/kg was achieved, with r2 >or= 0.997. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were fewer than 0.13 and 0.50 microg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were

show abstract

Occurrence and chemical determination of zearalenone and alternariol monomethyl ether in sorghum-based mixed feeds associated with an outbreak of suspected hyperestrogenism in swine

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Fusarium graminearum infected undergrade wheat in South Africa

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in Fusarium graminearum infected undergrade wheat in South Africa

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Analysis of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether on Flavedo and Albedo Tissues of Tangerines (Citrus reticulata) with Symptoms of Alternaria Brown Spot

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About