Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions

Swann, William B.; Read, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3

Cited by 624 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This type of behavior fits the propositions of self-verification theory (Swann and Read, 1981), maintaining that individuals' actions derive from their deepest convictions and values. If we are to understand social identification as one such deep conviction, we can expect that individuals who identify with a certain ethnic/national group will be more motivated to acquire its language.…”

Section: The National Identity Modelsupporting

confidence: 69%

Relations between Second-Language Proficiency and National Identification: The Case of Immigrants in Germany

Hochman

Davidov

2014

European Sociological Review

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This paper discusses and empirically tests the relations between language proficiency and national identification with Germany among first generation immigrants in Germany. It presents three theoretical arguments: (1) language proficiency positively affects national identification; and contrastingly (2) national identification positively influences language proficiency; and (3) there is a reciprocal relationship between both constructs. To test these potentially contradictory claims empirically, we utilize data on first generation immigrants in Germany measured in four waves (1997, 1999, 2001 and 2003) from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study. Language proficiency is operationalized with the variable proficiency in German language. Hypotheses are tested using autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models. Findings demonstrate an effect of language proficiency on national identification among immigrants in Germany. However, data provide no support for an effect in the other direction.

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Section: The National Identity Modelsupporting

confidence: 69%

Relations between Second-Language Proficiency and National Identification: The Case of Immigrants in Germany

Hochman

Davidov

2014

European Sociological Review

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“…Furthermore, several studies suggest that targets may work especially hard to disconfirm a perceiver's expectancy when they are aware that it is self-discrepant (Swann & Hill, 1982;Swann & Read, 1981b). Simple awareness of the perceiver's expectancy may also be a critical factor in the confirmation process.…”

Section: The Self (Target) Actsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior.

Deaux¹,

Major²

1987

Psychological Review

1,054

802

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A model that describes conditions influencing the display of gender-related behavior is presented as a supplement to existent models of sex differences. Whereas many previous models stress the importance of distal factors, our model emphasizes the degree to which gender-related behavior is variable, proximally caused, and context dependent. More specifically, we propose that gender-related behaviore are influenced by the expectations of perceivers, self-systems of the target, and situational cues. This model of gender-related behavior builds on theory and data in the areas of (a) expectancy confirmation processes and (b) self-verification and self-presentation strategies. Support for the model is presented, and suggestions are offered for its future development.Are men and women different, and if so, why? These seemingly simple questions have proved remarkably resistant to satisfactory answers, despite a long tradition of attempts. Investigators of some eras have emphasized differences between women and men, whereas those of other eras have argued for the essential similarity of the sexes. For example, in recent years one can observe a minimization of sex differences in the benchmark work of Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) and a reendorsement of sex differences in the subsequent work of Gilligan (1982), Eagly (1987), and others. Proponents of both views have had problems. Those who predict stable sex differences have had trouble accounting for the often limited ability of sex to predict behavior and for a variability that sometimes appears random.The order of authorship for this article was determined alphabetically and hence is arbitrary. The contributions of both authors are equivalent and inseparable.Portions of this article were developed while Kay Deaux was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, where support was provided in part by the John D. and Catherine T. McArthur Foundation. Additional support was provided by Grants BNS-8217313 and BNS-8604993 from the National Science Foundation to Kay Deaux.Many people have contributed to our thinking in this article. A preliminary version of the model was presented at the Nags Head Conference on Sex and Gender in May 198S, and we thank the members of that conference for their feedback. The members of the Self, Cognition, and Affect Project at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences provided valuable input and a stimulating context. In addition, we thank the following people for their comments on earlier versions of this article: Richard Ashmore, Nyla Branscombe, Jennifer Crocker, John Darley, Frances Del Boca, Alice Eagly, Russ Fazio, Sam Glucksberg, Tory Higgins, Bill Martin, and Janet Spence.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kay Deaux, who is now at City University of New York, Graduate Center, Box 325, 33 West 42 Street, New York, New York 10036-8099 or to Brenda Major, Department of Psychology, Park Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York 14260.Those who argue that ...

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“…In such situations, individuals have no reason to publicly acknowledge such a group membership if they do not identify with the group i.e., if this membership is not part of their self-definition. In an interpersonal context, Swann and Read (1981b) have shown that people chose to verify identities that were consistent with their self-concept. This suggests that in the case of ascribed categories, the relation between group identification and public adhesion to group norms should be highest when the communicator is identifiable and addressing members of the in-group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%