Self‐Renewal of Bone Marrow Stem Cells by Nanovesicles Engineered from Embryonic Stem Cells

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles can enhance cell proliferation by stimulating signal transduction and delivering genetic materials, and thus may have applications in regenerative medicine and other therapeutic applications. The processes employed to isolate extracellular vesicles, however, are complex and achieve low yield. To overcome these obstacles, a large-scale, micropore device for generating extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles that have characteristics similar to those of extracellular vesicles is fabricated. The nanovesicles are generated through the self-assembly capability of cell membrane fragments in an aqueous solution. The nanovesicles enhance the proliferation of murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stimulate the signal pathway related to cell proliferation, and do not influence the characteristics of murine MSCs. Therefore, these nanovesicles could provide stable MSCs for regenerative medicine and other therapeutic applications.

Influence of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in vitro and their role in ageing

“…4a). As such, we confirmed that EV influenced the self-renewal capacity of MSCs at the genetic level, consistent with Jo et al [18], who used a system of nanovesicles engineered from embryonic stem cells. Merino-González et al [19] reported that the secretion of soluble factors and the release of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, could mediate cellular communication, inducing cell differentiation and self-renewal.…”

Nanovesicles derived from iron oxide nanoparticles–incorporated mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair

“…The average exosome yield from 10 6 cells is 1 to 4 g/day (16), which cannot easily meet the quantity (100 to 500 g per patient) of exosomes required in a clinical trial (17). Recently, exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs), which have similar size and composition to those of exosomes, have been developed through the serial extrusion of cells through microporous filters (18,19). Similar to exosomes, NVs can also convey the biomolecules of their parental cells to recipient cells.…”

Current understanding of the mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer and aging

“… [22] , who reported that nanovesicles promote the cellular proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells of a murine, enhances signal pathway associated with proliferation, but do not regulate/influence the murine MSCs properties. Finally, these vesicles could provide stable MSCs for other therapeutic applications and regenerative medicine [22] .…”