Nanovesicles derived from iron oxide nanoparticles–incorporated mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair

Abstract

Because of poor engraftment and safety concerns regarding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, MSC-derived exosomes have emerged as an alternative cell-free therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the diffusion of exosomes out of the infarcted heart following injection and the low productivity limit the potential of clinical applications. Here, we developed exosome-mimetic extracellular nanovesicles (NVs) derived from iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)–incorporated MSCs (IONP-MSCs). The retention of injected IONP-MSC–derived NVs (IONP-NVs) within the infarcted heart was markedly augmented by magnetic guidance. Furthermore, IONPs significantly increased the levels of therapeutic molecules in IONP-MSCs and IONP-NVs, which can reduce the concern of low exosome productivity. The injection of IONP-NVs into the infarcted heart and magnetic guidance induced an early shift from the inflammation phase to the reparative phase, reduced apoptosis and fibrosis, and enhanced angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery. This approach can enhance the therapeutic potency of an MSC-derived NV therapy.

Targeted Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment

“…We polarized RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, into M1 state with LPS for 24 h, and treated the cells with NVs. NVs downregulated the LPS-induced expressions of M1 macrophage markers (Il1b, Il6, and Nos2) and upregulated the expressions of M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Cd206, and Il10), as evaluated by qRT-PCR ( Figure 4), indicating that NVs polarized M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages, which is in agreement with immunostaining results of previous studies [44,45]. The transition of inflammatory M1 macrophages into reparative M2 macrophages in the SCI lesion would relieve inflammation, thereby improving spinal cord repair.…”

Neural progenitor cell-derived nanovesicles promote hair follicle growth via miR-100

“…Here, our data revealed the great promise of NV to promote hair growth. In addition, some current reports revealed that NVs are a potentially promising alternative to exosomes for clinical applicability, given their higher yield without incumbent production [33][34][35].…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Exogenous dsRNA for the Induction of RNA Interference in Cancer Therapy

“…The literature describes the preparation of mimetic nanovesicles using macrophages or macrophages fused with mesenchymal stem cells [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Using this technique, it was possible to significantly reduce the proliferation rate of cancer cells in the case of RNAi of the c-Myc gene, one of the key regulators of cell proliferation [ 70 , 76 , 77 ].…”