Current understanding of the mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer and aging

Abstract

Highlights Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles used as drug delivery vehicles. MSC-exosomes perform an indispensable role in the probable cell-free therapies for various diseases. The precise mechanism of exosome internalization may highlight the translational therapeutic strategies. MSC-exosomes possess unique potentials to treat cancer, aging related disorders and in regeneration of tissues. Exosomes may be considered as valid diagnostic biomarkers and potential future therapeutic tools.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

“…Therapeutic effects were found to be promising in skeletal muscle regeneration (acute and chronic muscle injuries, atrophic muscle disorders) [ 10 ], traumatic and degenerative intervertebral disc alterations [ 11 ], dermatological disorders (e.g., wound healing, photoprotection, hair growth, alopecia, antimicrobial effects on skin wounds) [ 12 ], liver diseases (such as liver failures, partial hepatectomy) [ 13 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 14 ], neurological degenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease) [ 14 ], bone diseases [ 14 ], or osteoarthritis [ 15 ]. MSC-derived secretome displays a dual function in tumor promotion and tumor suppression [ 16 ]. Moreover, MSC-derived secretome also displays a context-dependent dual role in the aging of other MSCs [ 16 ].…”

Clinical Roles of Risk Model Based on Differentially Expressed Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Prognosis and Immunity of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

“…In the TME, MSCs participate in material transportation and intercellular information transmission by secreting exosomes, and regulate tumor cell viability ( Liu et al, 2021 ; Mohr et al, 2021 ; Wang W. et al, 2021 ; Muralikumar et al, 2021 ; Yin et al, 2021 ). Co-culturing MSCs with pancreatic cancer cells shows enhanced expression of metastatic cytokines CCL2 and IL6, which are produced by the stem cells.…”

Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer

“…Depending on the cell source, exosomes are used for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic engineering purposes and can be obtained from divergent sources. For example, mesenchymal-stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes may arise from various origins such as pulmonary, renal, hepatic, neurological, muscular, adipose, hematopoietic, and cardiac tissues [57] and can be found in any bodily fluids or ascites, and extracellular media. Other than these, plant-derived exosomes (fruit or vegetable) and milk-derived exosomes have also shown anti-tumor potential.…”