Sediment-Hosted Submarine Exhalative Lead–zinc Deposits – A Review of Their Geological Characteristics and Genesis

Large, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-41824-1.50011-6

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…"Sedex", a contraction of the genetic term, was proposed by Carne and Cathro (1982) and will be used below. The features of Sedex deposits have been described by Large (1980Large ( , 1981aLarge ( , 1983, Gustafson and Williams (1981), and Sangster (1990), and will be summarized here. Sedex deposits are tabular, stratiform lenses of fine-grained pyrite (or pyrrhotite), sphalerite and galena, with economically important concentrations of copper , silver, tin, and barite in some deposits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lithogeochemical Investigations Applied to Exploration for Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits

Lavery¹,

Leach

Saunders

1994

Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores

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Sediment-hosted stratiform massive sulphide (Sedex) deposits and Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits differ in morphology, but there is considerable overlap in their host rock lithology, regional setting, size, grade, metal ratios, age of host rocks, lead isotopes, sulphur isotopes, and genesis. Recent advances in the understanding of basin-derived formation fluids provide a framework for interpreting the lithogeochemical signatures of these deposits. The composition of the ore fluids for both types of deposits is controlled in part by fluid-rock reactions within sedimentary basins, but the nature of the sediments in the basins, the source of the fluids, the thermal gradient in the basin, the migratory history of the fluids, and the physical and chemical conditions in the deposition al environment cause variations in the lithogeochemical patterns present. Studies of modern sedimentary formation waters indicate that diagenetic fluid-rock reactions in basins can liberate and dissolve significant amounts of metals. The most metal-enriched formation waters are brines with more than 200000 ppm total dissolved solids. Some brines contain more than several hundred ppm combined Fe, Zn, Pb, and Ba, and minor amounts of Cu, Ag, Mn, Cd, As, Sb, Ni, Co, Mo, and Tl.Copper, Ag, As, Sb and Ba are reported in more than 60% of the Sedex deposits studied; Mn, Cd, Ni, Co, Au, Hg, Bi, B, Sn, Mo, F, Tl, Ge and Sr are reported in more than 20%; and V, Ga, In, Se, Cr and NH4 + are reported in more than 10% of the deposits. Geochemical variables which have received some exploration attention and which show promise as guides to Sedex deposits include: Tl, F, NH4 +, Hg, Pt, Pd, Zr, Cl-bearing minerals, rare earth elements, stable isotopes, and carbonaceous material.MVT districts were formed by ore-forming fluids which affected large volumes of the cmst. Widespread and isolated geochemical anomalies are, therefore, to be expected. Although there is a great diversity in deposit characteristics, it is possible to establish exploration criteria for additional deposits within a district or region. Geochemical analysis of insoluble residues has been used to define geochemical patterns that coincide with known ore trends and with ore-related geological features in the Southeast Missouri districts. Studies of rock alteration or identification of minerals precipitated from the brines can provide evidence of pathways used by the ore fluids. Hydrothermal dolomitization is the most important type of alteration; silicification is associated with ore in so me districts, and alteration of feldspars near ore has been identified in the Southeast Missouri lead district. Organic geochemistry and fluid inclusion studies are in progress and may yield practical exploration guides to MVT deposits.The presence of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Ag, Sb, As, Cd, and Ba in oil field brines/well scales, in MVT deposits, and in Sedex deposits lends credence to the use of these elements in lithogeochemical surveys. Many of the element associations described are bas...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lithogeochemical Investigations Applied to Exploration for Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits

Lavery¹,

Leach

Saunders

1994

Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores

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“…Bu zaman aralığı (İnfra-Kambriyen-Erken Kambriyen) sırasında Toroslar'da Pan-Afrikan orojenezi bileşimli KB Gondwana perikratonik kenarın yay gerisi genişleme ve/veya açılmasıyla riftleştiği ve çalışma alanındaki volkanik kayaçların bu rejim sonucu ortaya çıktığı (Gürsu, 2008;Tiringa vd., 2009;Keskin ve Ünlü, 2012;Gürsu vd., 2015) ve bu volkanik kayaçların birincil siderit cevherleşmeleri ile ilişkili olabilecekleri görülmektedir. İnceleme alanında birincil siderit cevherleşmelerinin bulunduğu Emirgazi Formasyonu bu paleotektonik ortamda yer almakta ve cevherleşme Devoniyen-Alt Karbonifer yaşlı LahnDill tip demir yatakları gibi (Bottke, 1963;Dill ve Botz, 1989;Dill, 2010) eksalatif sedimanter yatakların (Large, 1981;Lydon, 1996) (Baker ve Fallick, 1989;Hoefs,1997), kıtasal karbonat (Hoefs, 1997), sedimanter organik madde karbonu (Hodson, 1977;Hoefs,1997), ve magma-manto karbonatını (Ray vd., 1999) içeren 4 farklı alandan oluşmaktadır. Diyagramdaki diğer alanlar Wang vd., 2015'ten alınmıştır.…”

Section: Tartişma Ve Deneşti̇rmeunclassified

Attepe Bölgesindeki Siderit Oluşumlarının Mineralojik Özellikleri ve Jeotektonik Ortamı (Kayseri-Adana Havzası, Türkiye)

Keskin¹,

Ünlü²

2016

YRB

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ÖZBu çalışma, Doğu Toroslar'ın batısında yer alan Attepe ve civarındaki demir yataklarından alınan siderit oluşumlarının mineralojik özelliklerini, δ 13 C ve δ 18 O izotopik bileşimlerini ve oluşum ortamları hakkındaki öncel verileri kapsamaktadır. Kayseri-Adana Havzası'nda yer alan demir cevherleşmeleri genellikle (1) Prekambriyen yaşlı birim içinde sedimanter pirit ve siderit, (2) Alt Kambriyen yaşlı kuvarsit ile Orta-Üst Kambriyen yaşlı kireçtaşları arasında hidrotermal-dolgu tipi, (3) Orta-Üst Kambriyen yaşlı kireçtaşları içinde hidrotermal-metazomatik hematit, siderit, ankerit ve süperjen götit-limonit, (4) Ordovisiyen yaşlı kalkşist mercekleri ile şeyller içerisinde hidrotermal siderit ve hematit ve (5) Jura-Kretase yaşlı metakonglomeralar içerisinde breşik cevherler olarak görülmektedir. Birincil cevher, Prekambriyen yaşlı Emirgazi Formasyonu içerisindeki bitümlü metapelitik kayaçlar ile uyumlu sinsedimanter siderit (FeCO 3 ) cevherleşmeleridir. Günümüzde işletilen hidrotermal-metazomatik ve hidrotermal-dolgu tipi hematit, siderit, götit ve limonit cevher oluşumları geç evre ve superjen demir yataklarını oluşturmaktadır. Cevherleşmenin kökenini ortaya koymak için Prekambriyen yaşlı sideritler ile hidrotermal sideritlerde karbon ve oksijen izotop çalışmaları ile SEM-EDS gibi mikroskobik çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Birincil sideritlerdeki δ 13 C değerleri ‰-0.71 ile ‰-1.62 arasında, δ 18 O değerleri ‰-9.95 ile ‰-10.68 arasındadır. Buna karşın ikincil oluşumlu sideritlerdeki δ 13 C değerleri ‰-6.57 ile ‰-7.94 arasında, δ 18 O değerleri de ‰-10.29 ile ‰-12.03 arasındadır. Siderit örneklerinden elde edilen δ 13 C ve δ 18 O izotop sonuçlarına göre; birincil kökenli demir cevherleşmeleri, diyajenetik veya sin-sedimanter demir oluşumlarını, ikincil kökenli geç evre demir cevherleşmeleri ise demirce zengin hidrotermal-metazomatik kökeni ve Mn-Mg siderit cevherleşmelerini göstermektedir. Hidrotermal kökenli geç evre demir cevherleşmeleri, birincil cevherleşme sonrası KD-GB doğrultulu fay zonlarında dolaşan demirce zengin hidrotermal eriyiklerin, Orta-Üst Kambriyen yaşlı kireçtaşları ile etkileşimi neticesinde oluşmuştur. Birincil siderit cevherleşmelerinin bulunduğu Prekambriyen yaşlı Emirgazi Formasyonu, KB Gondwana'nın İnfra-Kambriyen yaşlı kayaç birimlerini temsil etmekte ve Gondwana'nın en kuzeyinde riftle-ilişkili kayaç birimleriyle benzer özellik göstermektedir.

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“…Tournaisian rocks (MacDermot and Sevastopulo 1972) and is of submarine exhalative origin (Taylor and Andrew 1978;Large 1981 (Taylor and Andrew 1978) and one of the key exploration criteria for Irish-style mineralization has been the location of Lower Palaeozoic blocks faulted against thick sequences of Dinantian rocks (Russell 1968 Northern-dipping basement blocks underlie the Carboniferous of the northern Pennines. The Lower Palaeozoic of the Askrigg Block, for example, which is exposed in the vicinity of the Craven faults, dips northward beneath the Stainmore Basin (e.g.…”

Section: B Metallogenesis In the South Pennine Orefieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deep structure of Derbyshire

Smith

Holliday

1985

Geological Journal

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Pre-Carboniferous basement beneath Derbyshire is disposed in two southwest-dipping tilt blocks (Eyam and W o o Dale Blocks), which are separated by a major north-dipping growth fault (the Bakewell Fault). The surface expression of the Bakewell Fault is largely concealed by late Dinantian carbonate shelf sediments, but its position and trend, which can be inferred from borehole and geophysical evidence, have exerted a control upon mineralization and volcanism in Derbyshire. During the Holkerian, the Bakewell Fault acted as the axis of a broad anticlinal fold or drape structure, which subsequently influenced the position of the overlying Asbian carbonate shelf. Tilt blocks are arranged symmetrically beneath the southern Pennine Basin, with north-dipping blocks, such as the Askrigg Block, at the northern margin mirrored by south-dipping blocks beneath Derbyshire in the south.

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Sediment-Hosted Submarine Exhalative Lead–zinc Deposits – A Review of Their Geological Characteristics and Genesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 85 publications

Lithogeochemical Investigations Applied to Exploration for Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits

Lithogeochemical Investigations Applied to Exploration for Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits

Attepe Bölgesindeki Siderit Oluşumlarının Mineralojik Özellikleri ve Jeotektonik Ortamı (Kayseri-Adana Havzası, Türkiye)

The deep structure of Derbyshire

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