Seasonal variation of the metal (Zn, Fe, Mn) and metallothionein concentrations in the liver cytosol of the European chub (Squalius cephalus L.)

Abstract

Seasonal variations of biometric parameters as well as metal and protein concentrations were analyzed in the liver cytosol of indigenous European chub (Squalius cephalus L.). Fish sampling was carried out in the reproductive (spring) and non-reproductive period (autumn) in order to define parameters which are seasonally dependent. The specimens caught in the spring period had higher biometric (liver mass, condition and hepatosomatic indices) and some biochemical parameters (metallothionein (MT) and Mn) that are characteristic for the reproductive period. Contrary, Fe hepatic cytosolic concentrations were significantly lower in specimens from spring than in autumn period. Total cytosolic proteins, Cu and Cd concentrations were not seasonally dependent. Range of constitutive levels was determined for total cytosolic proteins (17.7 to 24.7 mg ml(-1)) from the whole set of data. Constitutive range of seasonally dependent parameters MT (207 to 337 microg ml(-1)) and Mn (0.11 to 0.19 microg ml(-1)) is based on the data from non-reproductive period. In order to avoid the interference of reproductive cycle on the level of selected biochemical parameters, it is recommended to perform chub sampling during non-reproductive period.

Multi-biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in Gambusia affinis from impacted rivers by municipal effluents

“…To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the existence of different types of MT genes in mosquitofish. In addition, in this study, Mn appeared to be one primary metal responsible for MT mRNA and protein induction, which was also supported by previous laboratory and field-based studies (Falfushynska et al, 2011;Gehringer et al, 2013;Podrug and Raspor, 2009).…”

Metallothionein, oxidative stress and trace metals in gills and liver of demersal and pelagic fish species from Kuwaits’ marine area

“…Therefore, in the present study fish sampling was done during pre-and post-spawning period (non-reproductive period). Podrug and Raspor (2009) also suggested that the assessment of pollution response can be better understood if the sampling of biota is done during non-reproductive period to avoid the impact of physiological factors on the selected biochemical indices.…”

“…Metallothionein determination was done by the method of Podrug and Raspor (2009). The liver and gills of fish were homogenized in a buffer containing Tris 100 mM; dithiotheritol (DTT) 1 mM; potassium chloride (KCl) 150 mM; pH, 7.5 keeping tissue: buffer ratio as, 1:5, or 1:10 in certain cases.…”

“…There was a seasonal impact on the accumulation of PAHs (Beg et al, 2009) and the levels of heat shock proteins in fish from the two areas (Beg et al, 2010). The impact of season and reproductive cycle is well established on the accumulation of metals and metallothionein levels (Schiedek et al, 2006;Podrug and Raspor, 2009;Marijic and Raspor, 2010). Therefore, in the present study sampling of fish was done in non-reproductive period to avoid the effect of spawning on the target biomarkers and accumulation of metals.…”

Distribution of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from Bahia, Brazil

“…There is no literature data on the binding of Mn to metallothionein, but this element is probably linked to other specific cellular components that favor their bioaccumulation in the viscera (Podrug and Raspor, 2009). …”