Schematic influences of rape myth acceptance on visual information processing: An eye-tracking approach

Süssenbach, Philipp; Bohner, Gerd; Eyssel, Friederike Anne

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.005

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Not only has this effect been observed in explicit (self-report) judgements, but the acceptance of such rape myths has also been found to lead to more severe judgements of cases that concur to the 'real rape' stereotype at the implicit level (Süssenbach, Albrecht, & Bohner, 2017). Further, two papers by Süssenbach and colleagues have reported how participants high on RMA (1) selectively attend to information that focuses on a rape victim (vs. a defendant), (2) and pay more attention (using eye-tracking methods) to victims than defendants, and (3) attended to 'real rape' cues in an image of an alleged crime scene quicker and with greater ease than cues not associated with this stereotype (Süssenbach, Bohner, & Eyssel, 2012;Süssenbach, Eyssel, Rees, & Bohner, 2017).…”

Section: Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions In Judgements Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions in Judgments of Sexually Coercive Dating Scenarios

2019

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According to recent analyses, Bumby’s RAPE scale of rape-supportive cognitions about women and sexual assault comprises two factors. Excusing rape serves to reduce abusers’ culpability for their offending, and ascribing blame to victims, while justifying rape is associated with a sense of sexual entitlement. The distinct effects of these factors on rape judgments have not yet been investigated. We examined whether these belief clusters differentially explained judgments of perpetrator innocence after priming cues related to each of them. We used a cross-sectional design ( N = 217) to test our hypotheses. As predicted, we found that excusing rape cognitions contributed to exaggerated innocence judgments when the victim paid the bill on a first date (potentially indicative of romantic or sexual interest). However, contrary to expectations, there was no evidence that participants justified rape when the perpetrator paid the bill. Implications for conceptualizing the functions of rape-supportive cognitions are discussed.

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Section: Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions In Judgements Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions in Judgments of Sexually Coercive Dating Scenarios

2019

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“…Rape myths are factually inaccurate and include beliefs like "false accusations of rape are common" or "women say no to sex when they really mean yes" (i.e., women exhibit 'token' resistance). As perceivers' endorsement of rape myths increases, rape victims are evaluated more negatively (Süssenbach, Bohner & Eyssel, 2012;Süssenbach, Eyssel & Bohner, 2013).…”

Section: Heuristics About Rape Complainantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the emotional victim effect for female adult rape complainants: Does complainant distress influence credibility?

Nitschke¹,

McKimmie²,

Vanman³

2019

Preprint

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Rape cases have a disproportionately high attrition rate and low conviction rate compared to other criminal offenses. Evaluations of a rape complainant's credibility often determine whether a case progresses through the criminal justice system. Even though emotional demeanor is not related to witness honesty or accuracy, distressed rape complainants are perceived to be more credible than complainants who present with controlled affect. To understand the extent and robustness of the influence of emotional demeanor on credibility judgments of female adult rape complainants, we conducted a systematic review, metaanalysis and p-curve analysis of the experimental simulated decision-making literature on the influence of complainant emotional demeanor on complainant credibility. The meta-analysis included 20 studies with participants who were criminal justice professionals (e.g., police officers and judges), community members, and mock jurors (N = 3128). Results suggest that distressed demeanor significantly increased perceptions of complainant credibility, with a small to moderate effect size estimate. Importantly, the results of p-curve analysis suggest that reporting bias is not a likely explanation for the effect of emotional demeanor on rape complainant credibility. Sample type (whether perceivers were criminal justice professionals or prospective jurors) and stimulus modality (whether perceivers read about or watched the complainant recount the alleged rape) were not found to moderate the effect size estimate.These results suggest that effective methods of reducing reliance on emotional demeanor to make credibility judgments about rape complainants should be investigated to make credibility assessments fairer and more accurate.Public significance statement: This meta-analysis indicates that rape complainants with distressed emotional demeanor are perceived as more credible than their emotionally controlled counterparts. As emotional demeanor is not a reliable indicator of honesty, and

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“…Even so, other studies failed to replicate such findings, reporting that both men and women endorse rape myths (e.g., Clark & Carroll, 2008;Frese et al, 2004;Süssenbach & Bohner, 2011;Süssenbach, Bohner, & Eyssel, 2012). …”

Section: Rape Myth Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

Rape Crimes Reviewed: The Role of Observer Variables in Female Victim Blaming

Ferrão

Gonçalves

2015

Psychol. Thought

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This article presents an overview of empirical research on the role of observer variables in rape victim blaming (female attacked by a male perpetrator). The focus is on literature from the last 15 years. The variables observer gender, ambivalent sexism, rape myth acceptance, and rape empathy are discussed in relation to victim blaming. Most research on rape is conducted using diverse methods and approaches that result in a great disparity regarding the role of these variables in predicting blame assignments. Despite the inconsistencies, most studies show that men hold the victim more responsible for her own victimization than women. Findings further indicate that higher scores on sexist ideologies and rape myth acceptance predict higher victim blame, and that higher rape empathy scores predict lower victim blame. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Schematic influences of rape myth acceptance on visual information processing: An eye-tracking approach

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions in Judgments of Sexually Coercive Dating Scenarios

Excusing and Justifying Rape Cognitions in Judgments of Sexually Coercive Dating Scenarios

A meta-analysis of the emotional victim effect for female adult rape complainants: Does complainant distress influence credibility?

Rape Crimes Reviewed: The Role of Observer Variables in Female Victim Blaming

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