Satellite Geodesy Captures Offset Magma Supply Associated With Lava Lake Appearance at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua

Stephens, K.; Wauthier, C.

doi:10.1002/2017gl076769

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The raw data used in producing these time series are publically available through WOVOdat (http://www.wovodat.org/) data table can be found at https://doi.org/10.25921/e9h5-ke08 (the following citations are included in the supplementary information: Aiuppa et al, ; Anderson & Segall, ; Arnold et al, , ; Bagnardi, ; Bagnardi & Amelung, ; Baker, ; Barnhart & Lohman, ; Champenois et al, ; Chaussard et al, ; Delgado, ; Delgado et al, ; Delgado et al, ; Ebmeier et al, ; Ebmeier et al, , ; Ebmeier et al (); Ebmeier et al, ; Ebmeier et al, ; Feigl et al, ; Fournier et al, ; Henderson & Pritchard, ; Henderson et al, ; Holtkamp et al, ; Huppert & Woods, ; Jay, ; Jay et al, ; Jay et al, ; Lyons et al, 2014; Lau et al, ; Le Mével et al, ; Lundgren et al, , ; Lyons et al, ; McCormick et al, ; McTigue, ; Mirzaee & Amelung, ; Morales et al, 2017; Morales et al, 2016; C.G. Newhall, ; Odbert et al, ; Pinel et al, ; Pritchard et al, ; Pritchard et al, 2013; Richter et al, ; Ruch et al, ; Salzer et al, ; L. Schaefer et al, ; Schaefer et al, ; Schaefer et al, ; Stephens & Wauthier, ; Velez et al, ; Wnuk & Wauthier, ; R. Wright, ; T. J. Wright, Parsons, et al, ; Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

et al. 2019

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Volcanoes are hazardous to local and global populations, but only a fraction are continuously monitored by ground-based sensors. For example, in Latin America, more than 60% of Holocene volcanoes are unmonitored, meaning long-term multiparameter data sets of volcanic activity are rare and sparse. We use satellite observations of degassing, thermal anomalies, and surface deformation spanning 17 years at 47 of the most active volcanoes in Latin America and compare these data sets to ground-based observations archived by the Global Volcanism Program. This first comparison of multisatellite time series on a regional scale provides information regarding volcanic behavior during, noneruptive, pre-eruptive, syneruptive, and posteruptive periods. For example, at Copahue volcano, deviations from background activity in all three types of satellite measurements were manifested months to years in advance of renewed eruptive activity in 2012. By quantifying the amount of degassing, thermal output, and deformation measured at each of these volcanoes, we test the classification of these volcanoes as open or closed volcanic systems. We find that~28% of the volcanoes do not fall into either classification, and the rest show elements of both, demonstrating a dynamic range of behavior that can change over time. Finally, we recommend how volcano monitoring could be improved through better coordination of available satellite-based capabilities and new instruments.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

et al. 2019

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“…Two regions were selected within the Masaya dataset for time-series plotting: the first is located according to the preferred model for the center of displacement as determined by previous InSAR modeling [5], and the second is located at the site of GPS station MAVC (Figure 9a). MAVC is the closest GPS station to the observed displacement within Masaya caldera and is located at the Visitor's Center within Masaya caldera.…”

Section: Time-series Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a technique that combines repeat SAR satellite acquisitions to image ground displacement over specific regions of the Earth [1]. Over the past 25 years, InSAR has been used to examine ground displacement in active volcanic regions [2,3], allowing for an improved understanding of the extent of the storage and transport of magma in magma plumbing systems [4][5][6], as well as volcanic edifice growth and stability [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of different studies spanning the appearance of the lava lake in 2015 in order to further understand the subsurface processes occurring within the magma plumbing system. Independent geodetic observations using precision leveling [92,93] and InSAR [5] captured a region of uplift located~3 km north of the Santiago summit pit crater, with vertical uplift of~5.5 cm and 8 cm respectively. Gas geochemistry studies observed a peak in the CO 2 /SO 2 ratio~2 weeks prior to the lava lake appearance, and was interpreted as a pulse of gas-rich magma from depth into the magma plumbing system [94].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Mitigation Strategies for Tropospheric Phase Contributions to InSAR Time-Series Datasets over Two Nicaraguan Volcanoes

et al. 2020

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Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) studies of ground displacement are often plagued by tropospheric artifacts, which are phase delays resulting from spatiotemporal variations in the refractivity of air within the troposphere. In this study, we focus on COSMO-SkyMed (X-band) InSAR products obtained over two different types of volcanoes in Nicaragua: the Telica stratovolcano and the Masaya caldera. We examine the applicability of an empirical linear correction method and three Global Weather Models (GWMs) with different spatial and temporal resolutions for removing the tropospheric phase component. We linearly invert the tropospheric-corrected interferograms using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) time-series technique to produce time-series of ground displacement. Statistical assessments were performed on the corrected interferograms to examine the significance of the applied corrections on the individual interferograms and time-series results. We find that the applicability of the correction methods is highly case-dependent and that in general, the temporal resolution of GWMs influences their ability to capture turbulent tropospheric phase delays. At the two target volcanoes, our study shows that none of the GWMs are able to accurately capture the tropospheric phase delays. Our study provides a guide for researchers using InSAR data in tropical regions who wish to use tropospheric model corrections to carefully assess the applicability of the different types of tropospheric correction methods.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 782 2 of 30 which include the true displacement of the ground (∆φ de f ), differences in the orbital geometry of the satellite (∆φ orbit ), contributions of the topography (∆φ topo ), phase delay contributions from the ionosphere and troposphere (∆φ atm ), and other noise contributions such as instrument noise and changes in scattering properties of the ground (∆φ noise ). Topographic contributions can be accounted for by using digital elevation models [13] and orbital geometry contributions can be removed using precise satellite orbits (also known as flattening). With the improvement in satellite technology, thermally-correlated noise contributions from the instruments onboard the satellites can be assessed [14,15]. Poor coherence (low signal-to-noise ratio) pixels due to changes in the scattering properties of the ground can be masked from the ground displacement field.Atmospheric contributions, however, are more difficult to account for as they often involve phase delay contributions from both the ionosphere (60-1000 km) and troposphere (0-10 km), which can bias true ground displacement measurements [12,16]. Ionization of neutral atoms and molecules in the ionosphere from high energy solar radiation results in a mix of neutral gas molecules, free ions and electrons [17]. This influences the propagation of microwave radiation through the ionospheric layer, causing phase shifts such as phase advances and group delays, which translate as azimuth shifts and defocusing between SAR acquisitio...

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“…The rate at which magma is supplied to a volcano exerts a fundamental control on its eruptive and intrusive activity (Dvorak & Dzurisin, 1993;Wadge, 1982). Estimates of contemporary magma supply rates have been made at a number of volcanoes worldwide based on measured ground deformation, gas emissions, and (if applicable) eruption volumes over time (e.g., Allard et al, 2006;Chadwick et al, 2006;Dzurisin et al, 2009;Langbein, 2003;Lowenstern & Hurwitz, 2008;Montgomery-Brown et al, 2015;Sigmundsson et al, 2010;Stephens & Wauthier, 2018;Wadge, 1982). While it is preferable to utilize a combination of these data to estimate magma supply rate (e.g., Anderson & Poland, 2016;Voight et al, 2010), challenges occur if a volcano does not exhibit variations in one or more of these parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of Magma Supply Beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, Based on Helium Isotopes and CO₂ Emissions

Lewicki

Evans

Montgomery-Brown

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Mammoth Mountain, California, has exhibited unrest over the past ~30 years, characterized by seismicity over a broad range of depths, elevated 3He/4He ratios in fumarolic gas, and large‐scale diffuse CO2 emissions. This activity has been attributed to magmatic intrusion, but minimal ground deformation and the presence of a shallow crustal gas reservoir beneath Mammoth Mountain pose a challenge for estimating magma supply rate. Here, we use the record of fumarolic 3He/4He ratios and CO2 emissions to estimate that of the ~5.2 Mt of CO2 released from Mammoth Mountain between 1989 and 2016, 1.6 Mt was associated with active intrusion and degassing of ~0.05–0.07 km3 of basaltic magma. Intrusion at an average rate of ~0.002–0.003 km3/year into a postulated zone of partial melt at ~15‐km depth could occur without detection by local Global Navigation Satellite System stations.

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Satellite Geodesy Captures Offset Magma Supply Associated With Lava Lake Appearance at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

Assessment of Mitigation Strategies for Tropospheric Phase Contributions to InSAR Time-Series Datasets over Two Nicaraguan Volcanoes

Rate of Magma Supply Beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, Based on Helium Isotopes and CO₂ Emissions

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Satellite Geodesy Captures Offset Magma Supply Associated With Lava Lake Appearance at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua

Cited by 23 publications

References 72 publications

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

Thermal, Deformation, and Degassing Remote Sensing Time Series (CE 2000–2017) at the 47 most Active Volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for Volcanic Systems

Assessment of Mitigation Strategies for Tropospheric Phase Contributions to InSAR Time-Series Datasets over Two Nicaraguan Volcanoes

Rate of Magma Supply Beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, Based on Helium Isotopes and CO2 Emissions

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Product

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Rate of Magma Supply Beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, Based on Helium Isotopes and CO₂ Emissions