Sample–tip coupling efficiencies of the photon-scanning tunneling microscope

Salomon, L.; Fornel, Frédérique de; Goudonnet, J. P.

doi:10.1364/josaa.8.002009

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The emerging wavefront exits from the interface with the same propagation angle and polarization as the incident wave. The amplitude of the field at this interface is dependent on the wavelength, the incidence angle, and the gap, and has been described by Salomon et al 8 The effect of FTIR was first quantified by Selenyi in 1913 by coating the top face of a hemispherical prism with a fluorescing material and illuminating through it with a large angle source, as shown in Figure 3. Through the detection of the intensity escaping the prism at angles greater than critical, it was evident that an evanescent wave must be present in the fluorescent film to further frustrate and propagate out of the interface.…”

Section: Frustrated Total Internal Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evanescent wave imaging in optical lithography

et al. 2006

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New applications of evanescent imaging for microlithography are introduced. The use of evanescent wave lithography (EWL) has been employed for 26nm resolution at 1.85NA using a 193nm ArF excimer laser wavelength to record images in a photoresist with a refractive index of 1.71. Additionally, a photomask enhancement effect is described using evanescent wave assist features (EWAF) to take advantage of the coupling of the evanescent energy bound at the substrate-absorber surface, enhancing the transmission of a mask opening through coupled interference.

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Section: Frustrated Total Internal Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evanescent wave imaging in optical lithography

et al. 2006

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“…Salomon et al 13 tudes (rather than the power) at air-tip boundary. We obtained the more general expression for the case n 1 n 3 and calculated the normalized power penetrating into the third medium in terms of the Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients: 14 = r 12 + r 23 exp͑2i␤͒ 1 + r 12 r 23 exp͑2i␤͒ , ͑1͒…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Collection-mode near-field scanning infrared microscope based on silver halide probes

Roodenko

Ephrat

Nagli

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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Articles you may be interested inPolarization mode preservation in elliptical index tailored optical fibers for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 103108 (2010); 10.1063/1.3484146 Development of tapered silver-halide fiber tips for a scanning near-field microscope operating in the middle infrared Rev. Development of a polarization-preserving optical-fiber probe for near-field scanning optical microscopy and the influences of bending and squeezing on the polarization properties Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 043703 (2005); 10.1063/1.1884269 Scanning near-field infrared microscopy based on tapered silver-halide probes Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 637 (2004); 10.1063/1.1644032Propagation of femtosecond optical pulses through uncoated and metal-coated near-field fiber probes

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“…In intermediate regions, the light behavior will differ from that of either contact or noncontact areas due to the effect of evanescent waves. 23 In addition to these errors, the RI may vary on the surface because the stratum corneum is composed of materials with different RIs, including lipid, water, and cell membrane. As Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of the critical angle method to refractive index measurement of human skinin vivounder partial contact

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We adapted the critical angle method for measuring rough surfaces under partial contact to acquire an in vivo skin refractive index (RI). Assuming that the total reflection is the simple sum of reflection from areas that are in contact and reflection from those that are not in contact, the RI can be estimated even for partial contact with a rough surface. We found that cheek skin is sufficiently soft that a sufficiently large area can be in contact and that the critical angle was detectable. The RIs of the cheeks of adult females were measured. The RI range was about 1.51 to 1.53, at a wavelength of 550 nm, without considering systematic errors. The RIs of cheeks are significantly correlated with their conductance, which corresponds to their water content. We determined the relationship between the RI and conductance within the variation of skin under normal conditions; this relationship was theoretically obtained in previous studies. In the present study, a direct in vivo measurement method was developed that enabled us to measure the RI in daily life, although this method contains errors for several reasons, including disregarding absorption. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Sample–tip coupling efficiencies of the photon-scanning tunneling microscope

Cited by 54 publications

References 4 publications

Evanescent wave imaging in optical lithography

Evanescent wave imaging in optical lithography

Collection-mode near-field scanning infrared microscope based on silver halide probes

Application of the critical angle method to refractive index measurement of human skinin vivounder partial contact

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