Salivary <scp>IL</scp>‐1β and <scp>PGE</scp><sub>2</sub> as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment

Sánchez, G.; Miozza, Valeria; Delgado, Alejandra; Busch, Lucila

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12164

Cited by 95 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…36 Yet the variation displayed appears to fluctuate around a homeostatic set point, and several salivary biomarkers have a reliable upper limit that allows for a threshold to be determined that distinguishes health from disease. 35 Using diverse statistical approaches, salivary biomarker concentration thresholds have been reported to provide high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating periodontitis from health, 13,18,29,31,32,37 particularly when unstimulated whole saliva is used rather than stimulated whole or glandular saliva. 15 However, there are few salivary biomarkers that have been studied that reflect the underlying biology of gingivitis in its natural setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Syndergaard

Al‐Sabbagh

et al. 2014

Journal of Periodontology

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Background Salivary biomarkers are potentially important for determining the presence, risk, and progression of periodontal disease. However, clinical translation of biomarker technology from lab to chairside requires studies that identify biomarkers associated with the transitional phase between health and periodontal disease (i.e., gingivitis). Methods Eighty participants (40 with gingivitis, 40 healthy) provided saliva at baseline and 7 to 30 days later. An additional sample was collected from gingivitis participants 10 to 30 days after dental prophylaxis. Clinical parameters of gingival disease were recorded at baseline and the final visit. Salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured. Results Clinical features of health and gingivitis were stable at both baseline visits. Participants with gingivitis demonstrated significantly higher bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) (P ≤ 0.002) and a significant drop in BOP, PI, and GI post-treatment (P ≤ 0.001). Concentrations of MIP-1α and PGE2 were significantly higher (2.8 times) in the gingivitis group than the healthy group (P ≤ 0.02). After dental prophylaxis, mean biomarker concentrations did not decrease significantly from baseline in the gingivitis group, although concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-8 approached healthy levels, whereas MIP-1α and PGE2 concentrations remained significantly higher than in the healthy group (P ≤ 0.04). Odds ratio analyses showed that PGE2 concentrations, alone and in combination with MIP-1α, readily discriminated gingivitis from health. Conclusions Salivary PGE2 and MIP-1α discriminate gingivitis from health, and patients with gingivitis who return to clinical health continue to produce inflammatory mediators for weeks after dental prophylaxis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Syndergaard

Al‐Sabbagh

et al. 2014

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Many characteristics of these cytokines are of interest in orthodontics, since cytokines in the GCF reflect the microenvironment of periodontal tissues, in which orthodontic forces are applied [2,4,15]. Several studies also revealed that cytokines are fundamental in cell signaling in bone [14,18,19] and in mediating mechanically induced bone remodeling (e.g. by orthodontic forces) [1,2,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Allgayer

Menezes

Rinaldi

2017

Rev. Odonto Ciênc. (Online)

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OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze studies in the literature addressing the role of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Several databases were surveyed using both MESH terms and free terms. Additional studies were obtained by reference tracking. This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the procedures foreseen by its statement were followed. Data were obtained from the included studies addressing the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling/handling methods, and cytokine measurements. Clinical studies written in English were browsed. Papers were selected by one reviewer and checked by a second investigator. RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were identified, among which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. Common drawbacks consisted mainly of inadequacies in the study design (e.g. short duration and small number of study subjects). The most consistent result was a peak of cytokine levels at 1 d. Associations were observed between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pain, velocity of tooth movement, and treatment mechanics. Interleukin-1b and PGE2 showed different patterns of up-regulation, with IL-1β being more responsive to mechanical stress and PGE2 more responsive to synergistic regulation of IL-1β and mechanical force. The results support the use of light continuous forces for orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: There was a tendency of maintenance of relatively high IL-1β levels for longer periods with the use of light continuous forces, which might decrease the frequency of activation. These outcomes provide evidence at the cellular level for the utilization of light continuous forces.Key words: Systematic review; Orthodontics, corrective; Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF); Interleukin; T Cells.Papel das citocinas presentes no fluido crevicular durante o tratamento ortodôntico: uma revisão sistemática REsUMO OBJETIVO: Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar estudos na literatura abordando o papel das citocinas no Líquido do Sulco Gengival no tratamento ortodôntico. MéTODOS: Várias bases de dados foram pesquisadas usando termos MESH e termos livres. Estudos adicionais foram obtidos por rastreamento de referência. Esta revisão foi registrada no PROSPERO, e os procedimentos previstos por sua declaração foram seguidos. Os dados foram obtidos dos estudos incluídos sobre a mecânica ortodôntica, métodos de amostragem / manuseio de Líquido do Sulco Gengival e medições de citoquinas. Estudos clínicos escritos em inglês foram pesquisados. Os trabalhos foram selecionados por um revisor e verificados por um segundo investigador. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 115 artigos, dentre os quais 25 foram selecionados para análise detalhada. As desvantagens comuns consistiram principalmente em insuficiências no design do estudo (por exemplo, curta duração e pequeno número de sujeitos do estudo). O resultado mais consistente foi um pico de níveis de citocinas a 1 d. Foram observadas associações entre prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e interleucina-1β (IL-1β) ...

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“…Indeed, LD group revealed significant improvement to control PGE 2 levels compared to control group, 1 month and 3 months after periodontal treatment, suggesting that lidocaine subgingival irrigation can modulate inhibitory effect on inflammatory process. Recently, studies have correlated the high levels of PGE 2 in sites with periodontal disease and suggested that PGE 2 can mediate tissue destruction during periodontal disease (Chen et al, 2013;Sánchez et al, 2013). Kumar et al (2013) reported that chronic periodontitis subjects treated by non-surgical periodontal therapy-SRP have mean PGE 2 concentrations in GCF and statistically it reduced significantly after periodontal therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After periodontal treatment, the levels of PGE 2 should be decreased due to re-establishment of healthy periodontal (Sánchez et al, 2013). For several years, studies have been made to improve the outcomes of scaling and root planing using laser application, antibiotic systems, irrigation solutions, chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, sodium chloride, etc (Krück et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidocaine subgingival irrigation modulate the levels of prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy

Camargo¹,

Fellows²,

Poiate³

et al. 2015

J. Dent. Oral Hyg.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate if lidocaine 2% with 1:100.000 epinephrine, used as subgingival irrigation, has anti-inflammatory effect after periodontal therapy. Seventeen patients were selected to this paired split mouth randomized, subject-blind study. Each patient had a minimum of two sites labeled and alleatory separated, both with probe depth ≥ 5 mm. Each site were separated in two groups: scaling and root planing + lidocaine 2% with 1:100.000 epinephrine used as subgingival irrigation (LD); and scaling and root planing + saline solution (SRP), both groups were blinded to the examiner. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probe (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Levels of GCF-PGE 2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent. All parameters were recorded at baseline (1 and 3 months) after periodontal treatment. The results indicated reduction of PI, BOP, PD, CAL for LD and SRP groups and GCF-PGE 2 levels were reduced in LD group after 3 months periodontal therapy. The LD and SRP groups were equally efficacious to control the periodontal disease after 3 months. However, LD improved the reduction of PGE 2 levels and maintains the inhibitory anti-inflammatory effect on PGE 2 after 3 months of periodontal treatment.

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Salivary IL‐1β and PGE₂ as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment

Abstract: The high sensitivity and specificity of salivary IL-1β and PGE2 in identifying periodontitis suggest a potential use as biomarkers for diagnosis of periodontitis presence and severity.

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Lidocaine subgingival irrigation modulate the levels of prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy

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Salivary IL‐1β and PGE2 as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment

Abstract: The high sensitivity and specificity of salivary IL-1β and PGE2 in identifying periodontitis suggest a potential use as biomarkers for diagnosis of periodontitis presence and severity.

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Salivary Biomarkers Associated With Gingivitis and Response to Therapy

Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review

Lidocaine subgingival irrigation modulate the levels of prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy

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Salivary IL‐1β and PGE₂ as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment