Objective: To measure space closure during the retraction of upper permanent canines with selfligating and conventional brackets. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients who required maxillary canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment completed this study. In a random split-mouth design, the retraction of upper canines was performed using an elastomeric chain with 150 g of force. The evaluations were performed in dental casts (T0, initial; T1, 4 weeks; T2, 8 weeks; T3, 12 weeks). The amount of movement and the rotation of the canines as well as anchorage loss of the upper first molars were evaluated. Results: There was no difference between self-ligating and conventional brackets regarding the distal movement of upper canines and mesial movement of first molars (P . .05). Rotation of the upper canines was minimized with self-ligating brackets (P , .05). Conclusion: Distal movement of the upper canines and anchorage loss of the first molars were similar with both conventional and self-ligating brackets. Rotation of the upper canines during sliding mechanics was minimized with self-ligating brackets. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:292-297.)

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INTRODUCTION: The early orthodontic treatment allows correction of skeletal discrepancies by growth control, and the elimination of deleterious habits, which are risk factors for the development of malocclusions, favoring for the correction of tooth positioning later in a second treatment stage. During development of teeth and occlusion, the mandibular second molars commonly erupt in the oral cavity after all other teeth of the anterior region. In their eruptive process there may be a condition known as tooth impaction, which precludes its complete eruption and requires proper uprighting treatment. The temporary anchorage devices allow disimpaction and movement of these teeth directly to their final position, without the need of patient compliance or reaction movements in other parts of the arch. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at describing a case report of the treatment of a patient with Angle Class II malocclusion, performed in two phases, in which mini-implants were used for uprighting the impacted mandibular second molars.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze studies in the literature addressing the role of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Several databases were surveyed using both MESH terms and free terms. Additional studies were obtained by reference tracking. This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the procedures foreseen by its statement were followed. Data were obtained from the included studies addressing the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling/handling methods, and cytokine measurements. Clinical studies written in English were browsed. Papers were selected by one reviewer and checked by a second investigator. RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were identified, among which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. Common drawbacks consisted mainly of inadequacies in the study design (e.g. short duration and small number of study subjects). The most consistent result was a peak of cytokine levels at 1 d. Associations were observed between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pain, velocity of tooth movement, and treatment mechanics. Interleukin-1b and PGE2 showed different patterns of up-regulation, with IL-1β being more responsive to mechanical stress and PGE2 more responsive to synergistic regulation of IL-1β and mechanical force. The results support the use of light continuous forces for orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: There was a tendency of maintenance of relatively high IL-1β levels for longer periods with the use of light continuous forces, which might decrease the frequency of activation. These outcomes provide evidence at the cellular level for the utilization of light continuous forces.Key words: Systematic review; Orthodontics, corrective; Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF); Interleukin; T Cells.Papel das citocinas presentes no fluido crevicular durante o tratamento ortodôntico: uma revisão sistemática REsUMO OBJETIVO: Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar estudos na literatura abordando o papel das citocinas no Líquido do Sulco Gengival no tratamento ortodôntico. MéTODOS: Várias bases de dados foram pesquisadas usando termos MESH e termos livres. Estudos adicionais foram obtidos por rastreamento de referência. Esta revisão foi registrada no PROSPERO, e os procedimentos previstos por sua declaração foram seguidos. Os dados foram obtidos dos estudos incluídos sobre a mecânica ortodôntica, métodos de amostragem / manuseio de Líquido do Sulco Gengival e medições de citoquinas. Estudos clínicos escritos em inglês foram pesquisados. Os trabalhos foram selecionados por um revisor e verificados por um segundo investigador. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 115 artigos, dentre os quais 25 foram selecionados para análise detalhada. As desvantagens comuns consistiram principalmente em insuficiências no design do estudo (por exemplo, curta duração e pequeno número de sujeitos do estudo). O resultado mais consistente foi um pico de níveis de citocinas a 1 d. Foram observadas associações entre prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e interleucina-1β (IL-1β) ...

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed at assessing patients treated with extraction of premolars through cephalometry in lateral teleradiography, comparing the effect of different tooth extraction protocols on the facial profile. Methods: For this study, 87 patients (31 boys and 56 girls) were selected from the private practices of three dentists certified by the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics. These patients were treated with fixed edgewise appliance and divided into three groups, according to the sequence in which premolars were extracted "Group 40" comprised 22 patients treated with extractions of the first two superior premolars, adopted as the control group; "Group 44" comprised 43 patients treated with extractions of the four first premolars; and "Group 45" comprised 22 patients treated with extractions of first superior premolars and second inferior premolars. The Holdaway analysis was used to quantify and compare the group profiles before and after treatment. Results: Student's t-tests showed a profile improvement in all groups. When groups were compared, ANOVA showed that only the Inferior sulcus to the H line showed differences in incremental changes resulting from the treatment. Group 44 showed a significantly higher difference than Group 40. Conclusion: We conclude that the protocols produce similar facial appearances.