Salivary microbial and nonmicrobial parameters in children with fixed orthodontic appliances

Abstract

Objective: To determine the physiologic changes of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study included 23 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy. All subjects received equal braces, bands, and brackets, bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were taken before placement of the appliance, and at weeks 6, 12, and 18 during the therapy. Salivary flow rate and salivary pH were measured, and the salivary buffer capacity was determined. Saliva samples were cultivated on selective microbial agar for microorganism detection. Results: A significant (P , .05) increase in stimulated salivary flow rate and salivary pH was found. The salivary levels of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp also inscreased significantly (P , .05), and the major peak was at week 12 of fixed orthodontic therapy. Conclusion: The 6th to 12th week of orthodontic therapy is the period of the most intensive intraoral growth of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp and a time of very intensive salivary functions and physiologic response. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:901-906.)

Changes in oral microbiota due to orthodontic appliances: a systematic review

“…[3,4,12,19–21,27–30,32,34,35,42,46,47,50,51,54,57]. Three studies [43,44,48] detected significant increases of gram-negative bacteria, respectively, at 3 and 6 months, followed by a decrease at 6 and 12 months.…”

Dental Biofilm and Saliva Biochemical Composition Changes in Young Orthodontic Patients

“…Many studies have been conducted to investigate the changes of microbial environment in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment [28,29,30]. On the other view, a few previous researches designed to evaluate changing salivary nonmicrobial composition of orthodontic patients [31,32]. The saliva of fixed orthodontic appliances patients had lower pH, buffering capacity and calcium concentration than that of patients without it.…”

Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) as an ideal mouthrinse for fixed orthodontic patients

“…It is logical that wearing orthodontic appliances has been known to induce intraoral changes, such as increased plaque accumulation and elevated bacterial colonization along with potential enamel demineralization and a harmful effect on periodontal tissues such as gingivitis and periodontitis. 1,2 Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as orthodontic brackets, wires as well as elastomeric modules and chains etc., increase the number of retention places for dental plaque accumulation. All these factors make it even more difficult to maintain oral hygiene.…”

“…Gingival enlargement inhibits hygiene measures, slows down orthodontic tooth movement and cause aesthetic and functional problems. 2,3 Even without brackets, for many people, especially children, it is difficult to adequately comply with recommended mechanical methods of plaque control and to achieve the necessary level of oral hygiene. Tooth brushing removes up to 50% of plaque biofilm, and is even more effective when used in combination with flossing.…”

“…Tooth brushing removes up to 50% of plaque biofilm, and is even more effective when used in combination with flossing. 2,4 Such inadequate home care put these patients at a greater risk of developing gingivitis, which may progress to periodontitis in approximately 20% of patients.Therefore, using mouth rinse is considered helpful. [1][2][3][4] Several requirements for long term use of oral rinse should be followed in orthodontic treatment such as minimal adverse effect towards the properties of brackets and wires 5 as well as elastomeric modules and chains.…”