Objective: To determine the physiologic changes of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study included 23 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy. All subjects received equal braces, bands, and brackets, bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were taken before placement of the appliance, and at weeks 6, 12, and 18 during the therapy. Salivary flow rate and salivary pH were measured, and the salivary buffer capacity was determined. Saliva samples were cultivated on selective microbial agar for microorganism detection. Results: A significant (P , .05) increase in stimulated salivary flow rate and salivary pH was found. The salivary levels of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp also inscreased significantly (P , .05), and the major peak was at week 12 of fixed orthodontic therapy. Conclusion: The 6th to 12th week of orthodontic therapy is the period of the most intensive intraoral growth of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp and a time of very intensive salivary functions and physiologic response. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:901-906.)
ObjectiveThis in vitro study compares the fluoride release from microlaminated glass ionomer based on glass hybrid technology coated with two different surface coating agents.Materials and MethodsA total of 18 samples were divided into three groups of six samples each: (1) glass ionomer Equia Forte Fil coated with Equia Forte Coat (Equia+EC), (2) glass ionomer Equia Forte Fil coated with GC Fuji Varnish (Equia+VC) and (3) uncoated glass ionomer Equia Forte (EQUIA cont). Fluoride release was measured using an ion-selective electrode (ORION EA 940) after 24 hours, 4 days, 30 days and 64 days. Repeated measures ANOVA, multiple comparisons, Tukey's test and paired t-test were used to test the differences between the groups.ResultsThe differences between the groups and four time points were statistically significant (ANOVA, p<0.0001). Cumulative fluoride ion release after 64 days was 66.01 mg/l, 123.54mg/l and 203.22 mg/l for EQUIA+EC, EQUIA+VC and EQUIA cont, respectively. All the differences were statistically significant except the difference between EQUIA+VC and EQUIA cont after 24 hours.ConclusionsThe amount of released fluoride was significantly lower in the samples coated with nanofilled surface coating agent compared to the samples coated with varnish and uncoated samples.
Physical and psychosocial stressors in dental schools are associated with adverse health outcome, including low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical itness course included in a dental school's curriculum with regard to prevention of low back pain. Ninety irst-year and sixty-two inal-year dental students completed an anonymous questionnaire on physical itness habits and low back pain. Fifty voluntarily participated in the Åstrand bicycle ergometer test. The questionnaire revealed that 37 percent of the students have weekly physical exercise only during the physical itness course included in the curriculum and 62.5 percent of the students reported low back pain. Final-year dental students had signiicantly more low back pain than irst-year dental students (r=0.21, χ 2 =7.91, p=0.005). Female students had signiicantly more low back pain than male students (r=0.28, χ 2 =6.61, p=0.0101). The Åstrand test revealed that students who attended the physical itness course had signiicantly better physical itness (p=0.008) than those who did not. Students who exercised more regularly had signiicantly less low back pain (r =-0.19, χ 2 =11.89, p<0.01) than those who did not. We conclude that participation in a physical itness course leads to improved low back health for dental students and may prevent low back pain among inal-year dental students.
Dr. Peros is Research Fellow,
Self-reported academic performance of dental students in Croatia is associated with timing of sleep and wakefulness, rather than with total sleep time duration.
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