Salinity does not alter the effectiveness of menthol as an anesthetic and sedative during the handling and transport of juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus)

Abstract

The effectiveness of menthol as anesthetic and sedative for fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) was tested at different salinities. In the first experiment, the fish were exposed to different concentrations of menthol (25, 37 and 50 mg L -1 ) in water at different salinities (0, 17 and 36 ppt). In the second experiment, the fish were transported for 10 hours in water with menthol at concentrations of 0, 3.7 and 7.4 mg L -1 under different salinities. Na + and K + ions from fish body and water were analyzed after transport. The optimal concentrations of menthol for a short handling period and surgical induction was 37 and 50 mg L -1 , respectively, and these values were independent of salinity. After transport, neither mortality nor significant changes in ammonia or dissolved oxygen were observed between treatments at the different salinities. The nitrite levels were lower in freshwater than in brackish and saltwater, but did not change with mentol. The total body levels of Na + increased with the salinity increase. Menthol is an effective anesthetic for handling of juvenile fat snook at different salinities. Menthol did not influence the measured water parameters and body ions, and it is not necessary for the transport of fat snook.Keywords: anesthesia, stress, fish, body ions, sedation.Salinidade não altera a eficácia de mentol como um anestésico e sedativo durante a manipulação e transporte de juvenis de robalo peva (Centropomus parallelus) ResumoA eficácia de mentol como anestésico e sedativo para o robalo peva (Centropomus parallelus) foi testada em diferentes salinidades. No primeiro experimento, os peixes foram expostos a diferentes concentrações de mentol (25, 37 e 50 mg L -1 ) em diferentes salinidades na água (0, 17 e 36 ppt). No segundo experimento, os peixes foram transportados por 10 horas em água com mentol nas concentrações de 0, 3,7 e 7,4 mg L -1 sob diferentes salinidades. O Na + e K + do corpo do peixe e a água foram analisados após o transporte. As concentrações ideais de mentol para um período curto de manipulação e indução cirúrgica foi 37 e 50 mg/L, respectivamente, sendo esses valores independentes da salinidade da água. Após o transporte, não foi verificado mortalidades e nem alterações significativas nos níveis da amônia e oxigênio dissolvido entre os tratamentos para as diferentes salinidades. Os níveis de nitrito foram mais baixos em água doce do que em água salobra e água salgada, mas não se alterou com o mentol. Os níveis corporais de Na + e K + aumentaram com o aumento da salinidade. Mentol é um eficaz anestésico para manipulação de robalo peva juvenil em diferentes salinidades. Mentol não influenciou os parâmetros de medição de água e íons do corpo, e não é necessário para o transporte de robalo peva.

Menthol as anaesthetic for red‐bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) and its effect onHIF1aandGlucoRgene expression

“…In this study, based on preliminary trials (data not shown), anaesthetic concentration of menthol was ranged between 40 and 80 mg/L. Effective anaesthesia concentration of menthol in red‐bellied pacu was 50 mg/L which is agreement with reported for in juvenile fat snook ( Centropomus parallelus ) (Sepulchro, Carvalho, & Gomes, 2016), curimba ( Prochilodus lineatus ) (Medeiros‐Junior et al, 2018) and Pereira‐da‐Silva, Oliveira, and del Nero (2016) in lambari ( Astyanax altiparanae ) and, however, is lower than reported for several fish species. This lower concentration may be explained due to fish size.…”

“…In case of fat snook, Sepulchro et al. (2016) using fish with a weight of 1.6 ± 0.4 g reported an effective anaesthetic concentration for menthol of 50 mg/L and with the same species but using bigger animals (28.5 ± 1.2 g). Souza et al.…”

Basil, tea tree and clove essential oils as analgesics and anaesthetics in Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)

“…None of the fish in the control and blank groups presented any anaesthesia effect, as also observed by Sepulchro et al (2016), or any analgesic effect, demonstrating a response (nociception) to painful stimuli through jumps or open mouth. This highlights the need to seek methods to relieve or prevent pain during handling in order to preserve animal welfare, avoiding stress and harm to fish.…”

Use of eugenol, benzocaine or salt during the transport of panga, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878): Effects on water quality, haematology and blood biochemistry

“…The transport of live fish is a routine activity in aquaculture that subjects them to a series of stressors, such as water deterioration, osmoregulatory disorder and biochemical and haematological changes (Berka, 1986; Boaventura et al, 2021; Favero et al, 2019; Jerez‐Cepa et al, 2019; Parodi et al, 2014; Purbosari et al, 2019). Due to these problems, anaesthetics and salt have been widely used in aquaculture to mitigate the effects of stress caused during transport (Favero, Silva, et al, 2019; Sepulchro et al, 2016; Tacchi et al, 2015; Urbinati et al, 2006; Wlademir et al, 2018). Benzocaine and eugenol are local anaesthetics used in human and veterinary medicine.…”

“…Due to these problems, anaesthetics and salt have been widely used in aquaculture to mitigate the effects of stress caused during transport Sepulchro et al, 2016;Tacchi et al, 2015;Urbinati et al, 2006;Wlademir et al, 2018).…”