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In this study were evaluated the anaesthesia and analgesic effects of clove Eugenia caryophyllata, tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and basil Ocimum basilicum essential oils (EO) during handling of yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii. Juveniles (3.70 ± 0.75 cm and 1.03 ± 0.50 g; mean ± standard deviation) were submitted to concentrations of tea tree oils (n=10/concentration), previously defined in pilot tests. Individually and only once, fish from each treatment were placed in a glass recipient containing 1 L of seawater at a temperature of 25 °C, salinity of 35 g L -1 and the specific concentration of diluted EO (stock solution). Control (only seawater) and blank (seawater and ethanol at the highest concentration used to dilute the oils) treatments were also conducted. After reaching the stage of surgical anaesthesia, fish were submitted to biometry and a sensibility test. After that, they were transferred to clean seawater for anaesthesia recovery. The times of induction needed to reach each anaesthesia stage and anaesthesia recovery were recorded. Animals were observed for 72 hours after the procedures. All the EO provoked anaesthesia and analgesic effects in A. clarkii, but basil oil is not recommended because it caused involuntary muscle contractions and mortality in 100% and 12% of fish, respectively. The lower concentrations that promote suitable induction and recovery times are 50 µl L -1 of clove oil and 500 µl L -1 of tea tree oil. However, due to its complementary high analgesic efficiency, clove oil is recommended as the ideal anaesthetic for A. clarkii. , 500 e 600 µl L -1 de melaleuca (n=10/concentração), previamente definidas em testes pilotos. Individualmente e somente uma vez, os peixes de cada tratamento foram colocados em recipiente de vidro contendo 1 L de água salgada, em temperatura de 25 °C, salinidade de 35 g L -1 e a concentração específica de OE diluída (solução estoque). Tratamentos controle (apenas água marinha) e branco (água marinha e a maior concentração de etanol utilizada para diluição dos óleos) também foram conduzidos. Após atingirem o estágio de anestesia cirúrgica, os peixes foram submetidos à biometria e teste de sensibilidade. Em seguida, foram transferidos para água marinha limpa. Os tempos necessários para atingir cada estágio anestésico e recuperação foram registrados. Os animais foram observados por 72 horas após os procedimentos. Todos os OE provocaram anestesia e analgesia em A. clarkii, porém o óleo de manjericão não é recomendado, pois causou contrações musculares involuntárias e mortalidade em 100% e 12% dos animais, respectivamente. As menores concentrações que promovem indução anestésica e recuperação em tempos adequados são 50 µl L -1 de óleo de cravo e 500 µl L -1 de óleo de melaleuca. Entretanto, devido à sua alta eficiência analgésica complementar, o óleo de cravo é recomendado como o anestésico ideal para A. clarkii. Keywords

SummaryMarine angelfish (family: Pomacanthidae) are among the most sought-after fish species in the saltwater aquarium trade. However, there is a lack of information in the literature on their early ontogeny. The objective of this study was to describe the embryonic and early larval development of two dwarf angelfish, the bicolour angelfish, Centropyge bicolor and the coral beauty angelfish, Centropyge bispinosa. The eggs of these two species were obtained from spontaneous spawning of the broodstock fish in captivity and incubated at 26.0 ± 0.2°C throughout the study. Fertilized eggs (n = 15) of both species are transparent, pelagic and spherical; the mean diameters of the eggs were measured at 703.6 ± 7.8 μm for C. bicolor and 627.6 ± 7.8 μm for C. bispinosa. The eggs of both species possessed a narrow perivitelline space, smooth and thin chorion, a homogenous and non-segmented yolk as well as a single oil globule. Overall, the observed embryonic development pattern of C. bicolor and C. bispinosa was very similar, and the main difference was the embryonic pigmentation pattern, which only became evident close to hatching. Larvae of both species started hatching at 13 h 30 min after fertilization, and the larval characteristics of both species also showed high levels of similarities. However, the mouth opening time for C. bicolor was 72 h after hatching (AH) and 96 AH for C. bispinosa. In general, the observed early ontogeny of C. bicolor and C. bispinosa also resembled that of other Centropyge species documented in the literature.

The participation of women in different areas of society is important for human reproduction and the development of various economic, social and cultural activities. The objective of this study was to reflect on woman participation in aquaculture in the Marajó archipelago (Pará - Brazil). The study was based on reports from five women who practice fish farming in the municipality of Curralinho, in March 2020. This methodology was the result of an extension project “Transfer of technology through training and technical assistance for fish farmers of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in the archipelago of Marajó/PA”, from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (IFPA) Campus Breves. We observed that the creation of tambaqui in the region is also practiced by women, for subsistence. They have approximately 2 years of experience with fish farming. Most aquaculture companies are between 18 and 66 years old, have 2 to 4 children, with elementary education and are not part of any social organization. The training course on Good Management Practices in Fish Farming (BPM) aimed at strengthening the activity for the female group. In conclusion, women are protagonists of their own history and are present in the aquaculture universe, being important figures in the productive context in Marajó, Eastern Amazon.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar técnicas de Educação Ambiental (EA) aos estudantes da escola Adventista de Breves, Arquipélago do Marajó (Pará, Brasil), integrada aos assuntos da pesca e aquicultura. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Para coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário, palestras, atividade virtual de ensino/aprendizagem, demonstrativa e aplicação da escala hedônica facial, para 29 discentes do ensino fundamental. Os resultados indicam que o uso das técnicas de EA são importantes na escola, assim como o direcionamento para gerar mudanças de comportamento em relação ao meio ambiente. Foi possível identificar que 91% estudantes possuem conhecimentos sobre EA, uma parcela considerável não sabe que a pesca predatória pode acarretar a extinção de peixes, demonstrando que projetos de Educação Ambiental voltados para aquicultura são necessários para uma melhor conscientização ambiental.

SummaryThe flameback pygmy angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus, highly appreciated and valued by the aquarium market, is heavily harvested and traded. Temperature is one of the abiotic factors that has the most influence on fish development, especially in the early stages of life. For captive production, it is essential to know the appropriate environmental parameters for each species. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the embryonic development and hatching rates of C. aurantonotus incubated at six different temperatures (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30°C). Embryonic development events were very similar in terms of morphological and chronological characteristics compared with other species of the genus Centropyge. Incubation time was inversely proportional to temperature. The treatment at 22°C required twice the time of that required by 30°C treatment for hatching to occur. The best incubation temperature range was 24–28°C. Values below 22°C and at 30°C showed lower hatching rates compared with other treatments. Based on these results, the recommended temperature at which to incubate C. aurantonotus eggs is between 24–28°C.

O trabalho é resultado do projeto de extensão “Transferência de tecnologia através da capacitação e assistência técnica para criadores de tambaqui, Colossomamacropomum, no arquipélago do Marajó/PA”. O artigo discute a utilização de metodologias de extensão rural aplicadas à piscicultura familiar, traçando um paralelo entre teoria e prática a partir de conceitos e vivências. As práticas metodológicas foram executadas por estudantes e professores do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA) Campus Breves, na cidade de Curralinho (Marajó - Brasil). A duração do projeto foi de agosto de 2019 a março de 2020. Este estudo é do tipo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, configura-se como um relato de experiência. Nesse sentido, apresentam-se algumas, estratégiasmetodológicas que podem auxiliar nas coletas de dados para aquicultura, tais como: reunião; contato; visita; caminhada transversal; cartaz; folder; rádio; seminário; curso; palestra; entrevistas;oficina;maquete; árvore de problemas; realidade/desejo; análise FOFA/SWOT (Forças, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças); fluxos de produção e comercialização. Constatou-se que as estratégias metodológicas utilizadas neste projeto se apresentaram como ferramentas úteis no processo de assistência técnica e extensão rural na aquicultura do Marajó.

The project "Technology transfer through training and technical assistance for tambaqui breeders (Colossoma macropomum) in the Marajó/PA archipelago is characterized by the opportunity for training, dissemination of technologies, quality academic professional training to students and others involved. For this, the municipality of Curralinho was the stage of extensionist actions realized by Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA), Campus Breves. Active methodologies were used through the participation of teachers, fish farmers and students in the construction of pedagogical models. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of different models for tambaqui creation. Three models were produced with perspective of implantation in different environments for the region of Marajó: floodplain area, dry land area and field area. A total of 13 fish farmers participated in this action, with whom the power of fixation attention, the understanding, the reflection and the sufficiency of time for each type of model built was evaluated. The Likert scale was used to analyze the data. The results showed that fish farming in floodplain areas presented the highest rates in the parameters studied, while the dry land area and field area models were less interesting in the opinions of the participants. In conclusion, the use of active methodologies through models improved the learning process of the fish farmers during the educational actions of the extension project in aquaculture.