Root Growth and Soil Nitrogen Depletion by Onion, Lettuce, Early Cabbage and Carrot

Thorup‐Kristensen, Kristian

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.563.25

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is N that would otherwise have been leached from the soil profile under winter wheat, and spring wheat yields similar to those reached by winter wheat might be achieved with much less N leaching loss. Depletion of N at deep soil layers by brassica catch crops has previously been reported (Kristensen and Thorup-Kristensen 2004;Thorup-Kristensen 2001, 2006, as well as positive effects of rotations with brassicas on wheat yields (Kirkegaard et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

2009

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Cropping systems comprising winter catch crops followed by spring wheat could reduce N leaching risks compared to traditional winter wheat systems in humid climates. We studied the soil mineral N (N inorg ) and root growth of winterand spring wheat to 2.5 m depth during 3 years. The roots of the winter and spring wheat penetrated the soil at a similar rate (1.3 mm o C day −1 ) and by virtue of its longer growing period, winter wheat reached depths of 2.2 m, twice that of spring wheat (1.1 m). The deeper rooting of winter wheat was related to much lower amounts of N inorg left in the 1 to 2.5 m layer after winter wheat (81 kg N inorg ha −1 less). When growing winter catch crops before spring wheat, N content in the 1 to 2.5 m layer after spring wheat was not different from that after winter wheat. The results suggest that due to its deep rooting, winter wheat may not lead to as high levels of leaching as it is often assumed in humid climates. Deep soil and root measurements (below 1 m) in this experiment were essential to answer the questions we posed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

2009

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“…Therefore, choosing crops with deep root systems is important for the possibility to utilise N retained from previous crops. Large differences in t he ability to take up N from deeper soil layers are found among vegetable crops (Burns, 1980;Greenwood et al, 1982;Thorup-Kristensen and Sørensen, 1999;Thorup-Kristensen, 2001). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising Differences in Rooting Depth to Design Vegetable Crop Rotations With High Nitrogen Use Efficiency (Nue)

Thorup‐Kristensen¹

2002

Acta Hortic.

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A number of methods involving plant or soil analysis or modelling have been developed to optimise N fertilization of vegetable crops. The methods aim at improving the NUE of each single crop, but do not really consider the crop rotation as such. Various measures can be used to increase the NUE of the crop rotation; measures that can be combined with the methods aimed at optimising NUE of each single crop.The aims of the paper are to discuss the methods for optimising NUE at the crop rotation level and to present examples of how this can be done. The main methods discussed are 1) how can crops with different rooting depth be optimally placed in a cropping sequence and 2) how can catch crops be introduced to optimise NUE.Results show that if N left in the soil after harvest on one crop is retained in the soil until spring, it will normally be found in deeper soil layers. Therefore rooting depth of the vegetable crops is important. It is illustrated that by placing deep-rooted crops in the crop rotation preferentially where much N was left in the soil in the previous year can strongly increase the utilisation of the N residues.It is also shown how catch crops c an be used to maintain a high NUE, especially in situations where the farmers choose to grow shallow-rooted vegetables even though much N may be available in deeper soil layers. INTRODUCTIONDuring the last decades a lot of research has been directed at optimising nitrogen fertiliser supply for vegetable crops. From the early goal of defining the economically optimum supply, much of the focus has changed to methods aiming at increasing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in order to reduce nitrate leaching without hampering yield. It is clear from the results of this work, that optimum nitrogen supply is strongly variable. When an optimum N fertiliser rate is calculated from a number of experiments, it will cover experiments where less N was needed and other examples where the crops would have responded to even more fertiliser N. The attempts to improve the NUE of vegetable crops have included various approaches to take this variation into account.The work has included methods trying to measure differences in soil N availability supply, (e.g. the N min (Wehrmann et al., 1988) and KNS method) or nitrogen mineralisation index measurements. Others have tried to estimate crop nitrogen status using methods such as total N concentration and critical N concentration curves (Greenwood and Draycott, 1988), sap nitrate tests, leaf colour or reflectance to estimate crop N status. Models have been used to include both soil and plant parameters (Greenwood et al., 1996).Thus, a number of very different approaches and methods are in use, but common to them all is that they attempt to optimise the NUE of each single crop, rather than of the crop rotation. Whether mineral N is available in deeper soil layers which cannot be used by the crop, but which could have been used by another crop with a deeper root system is not considered. The fate of the nitrogen inevitably le...

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“…With regard to the root length density of onion at the top layer was 71% of the total root length density with the soil depth. In this respect, [17] …”

Section: Root Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roots and Nutrient Distribution under Drip Irrigation and Yield of Faba Bean and Onion

Mahgoub¹,

Mohamed²,

Sikhary³

et al. 2017

OJSS

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Drip irrigation proved to efficiently provide irrigation water and nutrients to the roots of plants, while maintaining high yield production. This research was established to study the root and nutrient distribution under drip irrigation. Faba bean and onion plants were cultivated in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Suez Canal University in Ismailia city with the application of normal fertilizers to soil. The data showed that soil moisture content in the soil planted with faba bean increased with the horizontal distance between drippers, contrariwise moisture content decreased with horizontal distance with the soil planted with onion. The data showed the vertical distribution of root length, root length density and specific root length of faba bean and onion decreased with increasing soil depth. The data showed that ammonium and nitrate pattern at the soil planted with the both plants increased between drippers and laterals. The peak concentration was recorded 35 mg/kg at 60 -80 cm soil depth for faba bean and onion, indicating that the NO 3 -N leaching was low by drip irrigation. Available phosphorus was higher at the surface layer than the subsurface layer at the soil planted with faba bean and onion. Available potassium tended to move both horizontally and downward under drip irrigation.

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Root Growth and Soil Nitrogen Depletion by Onion, Lettuce, Early Cabbage and Carrot

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

Winter wheat roots grow twice as deep as spring wheat roots, is this important for N uptake and N leaching losses?

Utilising Differences in Rooting Depth to Design Vegetable Crop Rotations With High Nitrogen Use Efficiency (Nue)

Roots and Nutrient Distribution under Drip Irrigation and Yield of Faba Bean and Onion

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