Article Info Received : 28.11.2016 Accepted : 06.06.2017 A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University to study the influence of different irrigation systems on root length density and specific root length of maize and cowpea plants cultivated in sandy soil. Three irrigation systems (Surface, drip and sprinkler irrigation) were used in this study. The NPK fertilizers were applied as recommended doses for maize and cowpea. Root samples were collected from the soil profile below one plant (maize and cowpea) which was irrigated by the three irrigation systems by using an iron box (30 cm × 20 cm) which is divided into 24 small boxes each box is (5 × 5 × 5 cm). At surface irrigation, root length density of cowpea reached to soil depth 30-40cm with lateral distances 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm. Vertical distribution of root length density of maize was increased with soil depth till 20-25 cm, and then it decreased till soil depth 35-40cm. Under drip irrigation, root length density of cowpea increased horizontally from 0-5cm to 10-15cm then it decreased till soil depth 25-30 cm and below this depth root length density disappeared. For the root length density and specific root length of maize under drip irrigation, the data showed that root length density and specific root length decreased with increasing in soil depth. The root length density of cowpea under sprinkler irrigation at 0-5cm disappeared from horizontal distance at 25-30 cm. The data showed that root length density of maize under sprinkler irrigation was higher at the soil top layers 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm than other layers from 10-40 cm.
to evaluate the effect of hydrogel addition on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and some soil chemical properties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design having six treatments with three replicates as follow: control, two hydrogel levels (HG 1 , 2 g plant -1 and HG 2 , 4 g plant -1 ), recommended fertilizers for tomato (F) and combination of hydrogel and half amounts of recommended fertilizers (HG 1 +0.5 F and HG 2 +0.5 F). The obtained results showed that hydrogel application to plants with 4 g hydrogel + half the recommended amount of fertilizer (HG 2 +0.5 F) enhanced nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content of fruits. The highest value of root dry weight was obtained with the treatment (HG 1 +0.5 F). Also, the highest dry weight of the shoots was in the case of treatments (HG 1 +0.5 F) and (HG 2 +0.5 F). The highest weight of fruits was recorded in the treatment of 4 g hydrogel plant -1 (HG 2 ). Also, adding 2 g plant -1 (HG 1 ) hydrogel and 4 g plant -1 (HG 2 ) reducing pH ranged between 0.08-0.18 units. The addition of hydrogel at the rate of (4 g plant -1 ) with half of the recommended amounts of fertilizers (HG 2 +0.5 F) led to an increase in the value of the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 9.30±0.12 to 11.5±0.12 and increased available nutrients from 3.47±0.15 to 15.8±0.9, 21±1.5 to 78±1.5 and 283±4 to 343±23 mgkg -1 , for N, P and K, respectively.
Drip irrigation proved to efficiently provide irrigation water and nutrients to the roots of plants, while maintaining high yield production. This research was established to study the root and nutrient distribution under drip irrigation. Faba bean and onion plants were cultivated in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Suez Canal University in Ismailia city with the application of normal fertilizers to soil. The data showed that soil moisture content in the soil planted with faba bean increased with the horizontal distance between drippers, contrariwise moisture content decreased with horizontal distance with the soil planted with onion. The data showed the vertical distribution of root length, root length density and specific root length of faba bean and onion decreased with increasing soil depth. The data showed that ammonium and nitrate pattern at the soil planted with the both plants increased between drippers and laterals. The peak concentration was recorded 35 mg/kg at 60 -80 cm soil depth for faba bean and onion, indicating that the NO 3 -N leaching was low by drip irrigation. Available phosphorus was higher at the surface layer than the subsurface layer at the soil planted with faba bean and onion. Available potassium tended to move both horizontally and downward under drip irrigation.
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