Metasurfaces, optics made from subwavelength-scale nanostructures,
have been limited to millimeter-sizes by the scaling challenge of
producing vast numbers of precisely engineered elements over a large
area. In this study, we demonstrate an all-glass 100 mm diameter metasurface
lens (metalens) comprising 18.7 billion nanostructures that operates
in the visible spectrum with a fast f-number (f/1.5, NA = 0.32) using deep-ultraviolet (DUV) projection
lithography. Our work overcomes the exposure area constraints of lithography
tools and demonstrates that large metasurfaces are commercially feasible.
Additionally, we investigate the impact of various fabrication errors
on the imaging quality of the metalens, several of which are specific
to such large area metasurfaces. We demonstrate direct astronomical
imaging of the Sun, the Moon, and emission nebulae at visible wavelengths
and validate the robustness of such metasurfaces under extreme environmental
thermal swings for space applications.