Herein we describe
a novel isothermal and enzyme-free electrochemical
aptasensor for protein detection via the employment of polymeric ferrocene
nanoparticles (PFcNPs) and target-catalyzed hairpin assembly amplification.
The synthesized PFcNPs not only load numerous Fc molecules for enhanced
electrochemical output but also possess plenty of amino groups, which
increase the water solubility and facilitate the conjugation with
the aptamer toward the recognition of target protein. After the formation
of an aptamer/protein complex, the conformation of the DNA probe changes,
which further triggers hairpin assembly on top of DNA tetrahedral
structures modified on the electrode interface. The process can be
recycled, and multiple PFcNPs are localized on the electrode. Thus,
an amplified electrochemical signal is able to be recorded, which
is sufficient to achieve a demonstrated limit of detection as low
as 67 fM. This developed aptasensor can also discriminate target protein
from other interfering substances with a high selectivity. Furthermore,
it has been successfully applied in diluted real blood serum samples.
All of these features make the present methodology a promising candidate
for ultratrace protein biosensors.