Role of Parasympathetic Nerves and Muscarinic Receptors in Allergy and Asthma

Abstract

Parasympathetic nerves control the symptoms and inflammation of allergic diseases primarily by signaling through peripheral muscarinic receptors. Parasympathetic signaling targets classic effector tissues such as airway smooth muscle and secretory glands and mediates acute symptoms of allergic disease such as airway narrowing and increased mucus secretion. In addition, parasympathetic signaling modulates inflammatory cells and non-neuronal resident cell types such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle contributing to chronic allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Importantly, muscarinic antagonists are experiencing a rebirth for the treatment of asthma and may be useful for treating other allergic diseases.

Bronchial Thermoplasty by Application of Ultrasound Energy

“…The MCh model turned out to be not appropriate to test for proximal denervation. Metacholine is an agonist of muscarinic receptors, and its presence in lungs will mimic activation of the parasympathetic nervous system [10]. MCh (as acetylocholine) will bind to muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle of a bronchus, causing activation of a PLC pathway (phospholipase C pathway regulating calcium levels in the cell) and ultimately causing muscle constriction.…”

“…Four dogs were treated with 100 Joule ultrasound energy to the left lung and manufacturer's pre set RF dose to the right lung. Two dogs [9,10] were sacrificed after one day post-treatment to observe acute effects of energy on bronchial wall and surrounding tissue. Two dogs were sacrificed after 28 days post US/RF treatment and evaluated histologically for signs of healing, regeneration and overall long-term differences between effects of US in comparison to RF.…”

Inhibitory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Curanga Fel-Terrae (Pugun Tano) Leaves on Acetylcholine Muscarinic-3 Receptors Induced on Isolated Guinea Pig Tracheal

“…ACh administrations have increased tracheal smooth muscle contraction through ACh-M 3 receptor stimulation [25][26][27]. ACh-M 3 receptors expressed in various types of cells and this receptor cellular signal is mediated by ACh.…”

Autonomic Nervous System And Allergic Diseases: Integrative Literature Review

“…The allergic diseases are linked to abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system that plays an important role in the symptomatology of hypersensitivity reactions, however, the mechanism by which these events take place are not very clear [13], it is known that after the performance of surgical and pharmacological denervation of the parasympathetic nerves the onset of the disease is prevented as well as its manifestations and progressions [1].…”

“…The development of allergic disease in different organs can affect the same person. Some studies have shown a positive association between allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis and food allergies [1].…”