“…10], a kernel method, thus inherits all the related advantages of SVM. Since it was proposed, SVDD has been applied to various application problems, including image classification [39], remote sensing image analysis [2,23,24], medical image analysis [29], machine diagnostics [33,38], and multi-class classification problems [18,37], among others. Furthermore, SVDD is a preliminary step for support vector clustering [3,19,20].…”