Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use

Stern, Robert S.

doi:10.1001/archderm.122.5.537

Cited by 333 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The IARC has concluded that sunscreens reduced the risk of sunburn and probably prevent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin when used during unintentional sun exposure [4]. The application of sunscreen on skin reduces the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma [5,6]. Other investigations demonstrate the ability of sunscreen to protect against p53 responses and DNA photodamage [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative methods to evaluate the protective ability of sunscreen against photo-genotoxicity

Toyoshima

Hosoda

Hanamura

et al. 2004

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Numerous epidemiological investigations show that sunlight is carcinogenic to humans and that the use of sunscreen may be effective in decreasing the risk of skin cancer. The biological activity of a sunscreen is evaluated by its ability to protect human skin from erythema as represented by an SPF (Sun Protection Factor). We propose that the sunscreen's protective effect against sunlight-induced genotoxicity, including mutation, should also be taken into account. In this study we examined the protective ability of sunscreens against natural sunlight and UV-induced genotoxicity in Drosophila somatic cells. We prepared three kinds of sunscreen samples, each with an SPF value of 20, 40 or 60, and compared their protective activities with commercial sunscreens. When a sunscreen of SPF 20, 40 or 60 was pasted on the plastic cover of a petri dish in which Drosophila larvae were exposed to the sun or UV lamps, genotoxicity decreased as the SPF of the sunscreen increased, relative to levels of genotoxicity observed in samples without sunscreen. However, the protective abilities of sunscreens were unexpectedly not so different from each other. To reveal the relationship between the protective activity of sunscreen and the wavelength of light with which larvae were irradiated through the sunscreen, we measured the transmittance of light through the petri dish cover on which the sunscreen was pasted. Effective protection was demonstrated by removing components of light whose wavelengths were below 315 nm. We suggest that the measurement of antigenotoxic activity and the determination of the wavelengths of light transmitted through the sunscreen should be an alternative method for evaluating the effectiveness of a sunscreen.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative methods to evaluate the protective ability of sunscreen against photo-genotoxicity

Toyoshima

Hosoda

Hanamura

et al. 2004

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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“…Thus, primary prevention is extremely important, knowing that appropriate sun-protective behaviour during childhood could lower the incidence of NMSC by nearly 80%. 17 The World Health Organization 18 has stated: 'Sun protection programs are urgently needed to raise awareness of the health hazards of UV radiation, and to achieve changes in lifestyle that will arrest the trend towards more and more skin cancers.' Child protection from solar radiation has been found to be widely inadequate, also in kindergarten settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting in early: primary skin cancer prevention at 55 German kindergartens

Stöver¹,

Hinrichs²,

Petzold³

et al. 2012

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…It is therefore an unsettling observation that increased sunscreen use has coincided with an increase in skin cancer. Most notably the incidence of melanoma has risen, although the relationship between the effects of sunscreens upon melanoma is hotly debated [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Complicating the traditional concept of photoprotection is our limited understanding of the photochemistry UV filters undergo in the skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%