Risk and promotive effects in the explanation of persistent serious delinquency in boys.

Abstract

Risk and promotive effects were investigated as predictors of persistent serious delinquency in male participants of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (R. Loeber, D. P. Farrington, M. Stouthamer-Loeber, & W. B. van Kammen, 1998), living in different neighborhoods. Participants were studied over ages 13-19 years for the oldest sample and 7-13 years for the youngest sample. Risk and promotive effects were studied in 6 domains: child behavior, child attitudes, school and leisure activities, peer behaviors, family functioning, and demographics. Regression models improved when promotive effects were included with risk effects in predicting persistent serious delinquency. Disadvantaged neighborhoods, compared with better neighborhoods, had a higher prevalence of risk effects and a lower prevalence of promotive effects. However, predictive relations between risk and promotive effects and persistent serious delinquency were linear and similar across neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Child Neglect and Its Association With Subsequent Juvenile Drug and Alcohol Offense

“…This type of targeting must occur on two levels, first to determine if maltreatment has occurred and second to distinguish what type of maltreatment whether abuse, neglect or both have been experienced. Prior research indicates a high prevalence of maltreated youth within juvenile justice facilities (Jonson-Reid and Barth 2000; Malmgren and Meisel 2004;Stouthamer-Loeber et al 2002) and evidence that the needs of maltreated youth may be qualitatively different from their non-maltreated counterparts in drug treatment facilities (Dennis and Stevens 2003) provides further support for making this important distinction.…”

Risk Factors for Community Violence Exposure in Adolescence

“…Similarly, perceptions of neighborhood safety and neighborhood affiliation may influence adolescent behavior and the propensity to engage in risky, violent behavior, or be in dangerous settings (PerezSmith, Albus, & Weist, 2001). Likewise, association with a deviant peer group is increased in settings where there is high prevalence of deviant individuals in the area , and delinquent behavior is concentrated in neighborhoods with few economic resources (Stouthamer-Loeber, Loeber, Wei, Farrington, & Wikström, 2002). Parent management strategies also may be influenced by neighborhood characteristics (Sheidow, Gorman-Smith, Tolan, & Henry, 2001).…”

Editorial introduction three longitudinal studies of children's development in Pittsburgh: the Developmental Trends Study, the Pittsburgh Youth Study, and the Pittsburgh Girls Study

“…), the higher the probability of later serious delinquency; the lower the number of promotive domains, the lower that probability. Risk and promotive factors appear to cancel each other out in determining longterm risk of serious delinquency (Stouthamer-Loeber et al, 2002). …”

“…• The higher the neighbourhood disadvantage (as evident from census data), the more likely boys are exposed to risk factors and the less likely that they will be exposed to promotive factors (Stouthamer-Loeber et al, 2002). …”