Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathophysiological mechanisms related to innate immune system

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are two highly prevalent autoimmune diseases that generate disability and low quality of life. The innate immune system, a long-forgotten issue in autoimmune diseases, is becoming increasingly important and represents a new focus for the treatment of these entities. This review highlights the role that innate immune system plays in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The role of the innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus pathophysiology is not only important in early stages but is essential to maintain the immune response and to allow disease progression. In rheumatoid arthritis, genetic and environmental factors are involved in the initial stimulation of the innate immune response in which macrophages are the main participants, as well as fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, all the cells contribute to the inflammatory response, but the complement system is the major effector of the inflammatory process. Detecting alterations in the normal function of these cells, besides its contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, could help to establish new treatment strategies for these diseases.

The Role of Bioactive Compounds of Nigella sativa in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy—Current Reports

“…RA is a multifactorial disease in which various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental determinants influence the incidence of the disease in different countries [1,2,13,14]. The etiology, however, is still poorly understood and, despite the recent advances in therapy, there is still no specific, effective cure [4,15,16]. There are many identified risk factors for RA, including being female, age, smoking, and obesity [2].…”

Genetic Polymorphisms and the Clinical Response to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment Towards Personalized Medicine

“…Besides, a study revealed that patients with SLE have a greater prevalence of IBD, which is also thought to be caused by gastrointestinal involvement of SLE (Koutroubakis et al, 1998;Shor et al, 2016;Mansour et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2019). RA features were common in SLE, as well as the personal history of the certain immune-related disease was strongly associated with increased risk of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (Icen et al, 2009;Kristinsson et al, 2010;Pabón-Porras et al, 2019). SLE is also frequently complicated with cytopenias, including immunetrombocytopenia (Galanopoulos et al, 2017).…”

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