Genetic Polymorphisms and the Clinical Response to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment Towards Personalized Medicine

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, an aberrant autoimmune response to self-antigens, which affect organs and tissues. There are several immune-pathogenic pathways, but the exact one is still not well known unless it is related to genetics. SLE and other autoimmune diseases are known to be inseparable from genetic factors, not only pathogenesis but also regarding the response to therapy. Seventy-one human studies published in the last 10 years were collected. Research communications, thesis publication, reviews, expert opinions, and unrelated studies were excluded. Finally, 32 articles were included. A polymorphism that occurs on the genes related to drugs pharmacokinetic, such as CYP, OATP, ABC Transporter, UGT, GST or drug-target pharmacodynamics, such as FCGR, TLR, and BAFF, can change the level of gene expression or its activity, thereby causing a variation on the clinical response of the drugs. A study that summarizes gene polymorphisms influencing the response to SLE therapy is urgently needed for personalized medicine practices. Personalized medicine is an effort to provide individual therapy based on genetic profiles, and it gives better and more effective treatments for SLE and other autoimmune disease patients.

Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Belimumab is an effective biologic therapy for the management of SLE and reducing accrual damage [37,38]. Therefore, examining the cost-effectiveness of SLE treatments in delaying disease progression and improving clinical outcomes among patients from different ethnic groups is important.…”

CYP2D6genetic polymorphisms in Saudi systemic lupus erythematosus patients

“…28,29 Thus, further investigation of SLE needs to account for CYP polymorphisms for individualized medicine practices. 30 Taken together, the genetic polymorphisms within the promoter region of the CYP2D6 gene could be potential predictors for certain SLE features. However, further research on a large population must confirm these results.…”

Investigation of the Pathogenic Variants Induced Sjogren’s Syndrome in Turkish Population

“…In addition, they speci ed an approvingly preserved IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) area close to the BAFF gene promoter, which was functionally con rmed. The association of BAFF polymorphisms in the development of further autoimmune disorders has been revealed theretofore [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. BAFF rs9514828 polymorphism is found to be linked to several in ammatory and autoimmune diseases via several scienti c studies [48][49][50][51][52].…”