Strain engineering
has been extensively explored for tailoring the material properties
and, in turn, improving the device performance of semiconducting thin
films. In particular, the effects of strain on the optical properties
of these films have attracted considerable research interest, but
experimental demonstrations in flexible systems have rarely been reported.
Here, we exploited the variable optical properties of flexible ZnS
thin films by imposing a controllable external compressive stress
during a stretching-driven deposition process. This stress induced
crystal anisotropy with an increase in tetragonality, which differs
from that of the unstrained cubic ZnS thin films. The refractive index
of the films was estimated by means of an envelope method using interference
fringes. As a result, the reductions in the refractive index and optical
band gap were observed by applying the stretching-driven strains with
the resultant compressive stress. The modulated refractive index and
its dispersion behavior were further investigated by employing a single-oscillator
model to drive subsequent correlative parameters such as dispersion
energy, oscillating strength, and high-frequency permittivity. As
a proof of concept, an optical lens of ZnS was designed to confirm
the effect of in situ stress-mediated optical modulation by detecting
the variable focal length with stress.