Revisão taxonômica e relações filogenéticas das espécies de Roeboides grupo-microlepis (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)

Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos de

doi:10.1590/s0073-47212003000300008

Cited by 26 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Weitzman & Vari (1987) noted that species of Roeboides and Cynopotamus retained their larval pectoral fin structure in juveniles up to relatively large body sizes (i.e., 26 and 41 mm SL, respectively) and suggested that this feature could be a possible synapomorphy for an assemblage that included at least those three genera. Lucena (1998) analyzed this character in a broader context of the subfamily Characinae and hypothesized that the retention of a larval pectoral fin at larger body sizes is synapomorphic for a clade including Acanthocharax, Acestrocephalus, Charax, Cynopotamus, Galeocharax, Phenacogaster, and Roeboides. The Characinae (sensu Lucena, 1998 andLucena &) also included Priocharax, Gnathocharax, Heterocharax, Hoplocharax, and Lonchogenys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lucena (1998) analyzed this character in a broader context of the subfamily Characinae and hypothesized that the retention of a larval pectoral fin at larger body sizes is synapomorphic for a clade including Acanthocharax, Acestrocephalus, Charax, Cynopotamus, Galeocharax, Phenacogaster, and Roeboides. The Characinae (sensu Lucena, 1998 andLucena & also included Priocharax, Gnathocharax, Heterocharax, Hoplocharax, and Lonchogenys. According to the scheme of phylogenetic relationships proposed for the Characinae by Lucena (1998), the retention of the larval pectoral fin in adults of Priocharax is autapomorphic for that genus, because Gnathocharax, Heterocharax, Hoplocharax, and Lonchogenys have a pectoral fin with the typical adult anatomical structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Priocharax nanus, a new miniature characid from the rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with an updated list of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes

Mattox²,

2014

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Priocharax nanus, new species, is described from the rio Negro, Brazil. It is a miniature fish that retains as an adult the larval rayless pectoral fin, a diagnostic character of the genus. Priocharax nanus possesses fewer reductive features compared to congeners, P. ariel and P. pygmaeus, from which it can be distinguished by the presence of i,6 pelvic-fin rays (vs. i,5), the presence of the claustrum (vs. claustrum absent) and the presence of two postcleithra (vs. postcleithra absent). An updated list of 213 species of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes is presented. The greatest diversity among them is represented by the Characiformes with 87 miniature species.Priocharax nanus, espécie nova, é descrita do rio Negro, Brasil. É um peixe miniatura que retém no adulto a forma larval da nadadeira peitoral, um caráter diagnóstico do gênero. Priocharax nanus possui um número menor de caracteres redutivos quando comparado aos congêneres, P. ariel and P. pygmaeus, dos quais pode ser distinguida pela presença de i,6 raios na nadadeira pélvica (vs. i,5), presença do claustrum (vs. claustrum ausente) e presença de dois pós-cleitros (vs. pós-cleitros ausentes). Uma lista atualizada de 213 espécies de peixes miniatura de água doce neotropicais é apresentada. A maior diversidade entre eles é representada pelos Characiformes, com 87 espécies miniatura.Key words: Heterocharacinae, Miniaturization, Reductive characters. (Weitzman & Vari, 1987). More recently, Priocharax ariel was also recorded in the region of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, rio Negro basin (Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001) and P. pygmaeus was collected from a small tributary of rio Solimões, in Amazonas, Brazil (Oliveira et al., 2009). Weitzman & Vari (1987) listed six diagnostic characters for Priocharax, the most conspicuous of which is the presence of a rayless pectoral fin fold in the adult, which is otherwise restricted to larval stages of characiforms and teleosts in general. Priocharax species also have the upper and lower jaws with a high number of tiny conical teeth, the adults are diminutive in size being among the smallest characiforms known, specimens have 16-22 branched anal-fin rays and only five branched pelvic-fin rays. In addition to the two species of Priocharax, the only other Characidae known to us that consistently has i,5 pelvic-fin rays is Cyanogaster noctivaga Mattox, Britz, Toledo-Piza & Marinho, another miniature characid from the rio Negro (Mattox et al., 2013).One year after describing the diminutive Priocharax, Weitzman & Vari (1988) provided a comprehensive review on miniaturization of South American freshwater fishes including a list of 85 species that either matured under 20 mm SL or did not exceed a maximum of 26 mm SL. The authors included 49 species of Characiformes in that original list, Priocharax nanus, new miniature species 230 nearly 60% of the total number of miniature species in South American freshwaters. Of their 49 miniature Characiformes, 46 were classified in the Characidae (including eight species of characidiines now...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Priocharax nanus, a new miniature characid from the rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with an updated list of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes

Mattox²,

2014

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“…Roeboides microlepis was known until recently as Roeboides bonariensis (Steindachner, 1879), but Lucena (2003), in his taxonomic revision of the genus Roeboides, considered R. bonariensis a synonym of R. microlepis. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Ichthyological Collection of Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura (Nupélia): NUP 937 (19 ), 3129 (10), 921 (64 ), 930 (20 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and dental development of three species of Roeboides (Characiformes: Characidae)

2004

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Lepidophagy has been recorded in various species of Roeboides. In this study we analyzed ontogenetic variation in diet and dental development of three Roeboides species (R. paranensis, R. prognathus and R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumed mainly insects, scales and microcrustaceans, and the smaller individuals (<3.4 cm -SL) consumed mostly insects. Scale were only consumed by individuals greater than 3.4 cm. Scales were the dominant item in the diet in all sizes of R. prognathus. The diet of R. microlepis was composed primarily of whole fishes, however, the smaller individuals (<5.4 cm) consumed only insects. During ontogeny, exterior migration of teeth in the mouth started at 3.7 cm in R. paranensis and 6.5 cm in R. microlepis. As body length increased more teeth migrated exteriorly. This leads to greater consumption of scales by three species. Roeboides prognathus appeared to be most specialized on scales, since they composed 80% of the diet, and was the species with the highest number of external teeth and the most developed.O hábito de consumir escamas tem sido registrado para várias espécies de Roeboides. Neste estudo foram examinados a variação ontogenética na dieta e o desenvolvimento dentário de três espécies de Roeboides (R. paranensis, R. prognathus e R. microlepis). Roeboides paranensis consumiu insetos, escamas e microcrustáceos, sendo que os menores indivíduos (<3,4 cm -CP) consumiram basicamente insetos, enquanto que escamas foram utilizadas apenas por indivíduos a partir de 3,4 cm. Para R. prognathus, escamas constituiu-se no alimento dominante em todos os tamanhos analisados. A dieta de R. microlepis foi composta principalmente por peixes inteiros, no entanto, os menores indivíduos (<5,4 cm) consumiram somente insetos. Durante a ontogenia, a migração dos dentes para o exterior da boca se inicia a partir de 3,7 cm em R. paranensis e de 6,5 cm em R. microlepis. Com o crescimento dos indivíduos, mais dentes migram para fora da boca e tornam-se mais desenvolvidos, o que reflete um consumo maior de escamas para as três espécies. R. prognathus foi a mais especialista, visto que escamas representou cerca de 80% da dieta. Esta espécie também apresenta maior número de dentes externos e mais desenvolvidos que as outras espécies.

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“…1) is a diminute characid that occurs in the Amazonas, Essequibo and Orinoco basins (Toledo-Piza, 2000) and was placed by Géry (1966) in a tribe, the Heterocharacini, that later was included in the Characinae (e.g., Géry, 1977;Lucena, 1998;Lucena & Menezes, 2003). More recently, Mirande (2009;2010) and Mattox & ToledoPiza (2012) split this subfamily in a more restricted Characinae and the distantly related Heterocharacinae, and the latter authors included in the Heterocharacinae the diminute genera Heterocharax, Hoplocharax, Gnathocharax, Lonchogenys, and Priocharax (= tribe Heterocharacini) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic development of Heterocharax macrolepisEigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with comments on the form of the yolk sac in the Heterocharacinae

Mattox

Hoffmann

2014

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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Fishes in early developmental stages frequently have morphological features that differ from those of adult stages, and many characters found later in ontogeny are not available in initial stages. Hence, morphological descriptions of early stages are useful to provide information for the identification of eggs and larvae, a knowledge still restricted among Neotropical fishes. We studied the development of Heterocharax macrolepis, a heterocharacine whose adult specimens from the aquarium trade were kept and spawned at around 23-24ºC. A developmental series of 51 specimens was preserved, ranging from 3.2 mm notochord length to 18.6 mm standard length, covering approximately the first 73 days post-hatching. We described the development of main morphological features emphasizing those useful in the identification of H. macrolepis larvae (i.e., appearance of preopercle spine and development of the pseudotympanum). We also compared H. macrolepis with photographs taken of live larval specimens of Gnathocharax steindachneri, recently included in the Heterocharacinae. Both species have a yolk sac with a small rounded projection directed posteroventrally. Although this information is not yet available for all pertinent taxa, the different yolk sac shape in other representatives of the Characiformes may indicate that this peculiar yolk sac represents an additional synapomorphy of the Heterocharacini.Peixes em estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento frequentemente apresentam características morfológicas distintas dos adultos e muitos caracteres presentes em estágios avançados não são disponíveis em estágios iniciais. Assim, descrições morfológicas dos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de peixes são úteis por fornecerem subsídios para a identificação de ovos e larvas, um conhecimento ainda escasso entre peixes Neotropicais. Estudamos o desenvolvimento de Heterocharax macrolepis, espécie de Heterocharacinae cujos exemplares adultos provenientes do aquarismo foram mantidos e reproduzidos entre 23-24ºC. Uma série de desenvolvimento de 51 exemplares foi preservada, medindo entre 3,2 mm de comprimento da notocorda e 18,6 mm de comprimento padrão, incluindo os primeiros 73 dias pós-eclosão. Descreveram-se detalhadamente os principais aspectos morfológicos, enfatizando características úteis na identificação de larvas de H. macrolepis (i.e., surgimento do espinho do pré-opérculo, desenvolvimento do pseudotímpano). Comparamos H. macrolepis com fotografias de larvas vivas de Gnathocharax steindachneri, recentemente incluída em Heterocharacinae. Ambas espécies possuem saco vitelínico com pequena projeção arredondada póstero-ventral. Ainda que a informação não esteja disponível para os táxons pertinentes, o distinto formato do saco vitelínico em outras linhagens de Characiformes pode indicar que esta forma do saco vitelínico peculiar represente sinapomorfia adicional de Heterocharacini.

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Revisão taxonômica e relações filogenéticas das espécies de Roeboides grupo-microlepis (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Priocharax nanus, a new miniature characid from the rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with an updated list of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes

Priocharax nanus, a new miniature characid from the rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with an updated list of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes

Diet and dental development of three species of Roeboides (Characiformes: Characidae)

Ontogenetic development of Heterocharax macrolepisEigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with comments on the form of the yolk sac in the Heterocharacinae

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