Retrobulbar cellulitis and abscessation: focus on short‐ and long‐term concurrent ophthalmic diseases in 41 dogs

Fischer, M. C.; Adrian, A. M.; Demetriou, Jackie; Nelissen, Pieter; Busse, Claudia

doi:10.1111/jsap.12924

Cited by 11 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The underlying pathophysiology has not been investigated. In some cases, optic nerve (ON) compression has been hypothesised (Tremolada et al, 2015;McDonald et al, 2016;Fisher et al, 2018). In human medicine, orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is an ocular emergency that can result in permanent ON blindness if not treated appropriately within two hours of the condition starting to develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs

Sauvage¹,

Bolen²,

Monclin³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is described in humans as an acute rise in intraorbital pressure following a severe and rapidly evolving orbital affection. It includes orbital oedema, haemorrhage or infection causing a marked reduction in local blood perfusion, and severely affecting the orbital neurovascular structures. If not promptly recognised and treated, it results in irreversible blindness. It is one of the rare ophthalmic surgical emergencies, requiring lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. This case report describes two canine cases of complex orbital, periorbital and facial abscesses resulting in OCS and permanent unilateral blindness diagnosed by ultrasonography, computed tomography and electroretinography.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No ERG was performed to exclude the retinal contribution to the blindness. Fisher et al (2018) described secondary blindness in 5 out of 33 cases evaluated for long-term ophthalmic complications following retrobulbar cellulitis/abscesses. No information on the possible causes were given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs

Sauvage¹,

Bolen²,

Monclin³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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“…In a more general context, and based on litereature on injuries in animals as opposed to humans, our case exemplifies the difficulties of lack of anamnestic data and the bizzare mechanism and timing of corneal injury from this unsuspected metallic foreign body (sewing needle) in the orbit (Lavaud et al;Rose et al 2018.;Fische et al 2018;Fischer et al 2018.;Marchegiani et al 2017). It also shows that even given a lack of highly sophisticated diagnostic and surgical equipment, an adequate diagnosis and excellent surgical skill can lead to a good outcome for a patient with this rare type of problem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Although there was no obvious entrance wound at the limbus or sclera (conjunctiva), at this stage of the follow-up examination, it was suspected that a palpebral/orbital foreign body could exist that, once it entered the cornea, induced a late onset infiltration, or that a mobile foreign body was lodged in the eyelid/orbit. Such a foreign body could have once or intermitently moved inwards by the pressure exerted on the eyelid/orbit by the dog rubbing its head on the carpet/floor, which the owner noticed in the period between the clinical examinations (Kuhn et al 2002;Fischer et al 2018;Betbeze et all 2015).…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case in a dog of intraorbital foreign body with late signs of cornea penetration - presenting initially as anterior uveitis

et al. 2020

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An unusual case is presented of an unsuspected orbital metallic foreign body (sewing needle) in a dog. The skin entrance wound injury was undetected during two clinical examinations, likely due to the quick skin healing and punctiform nature of the wound in the skin/muscles/orbit. The most unusual characteristic of this case is the cause of the wound. The metallic foreign body could have penetrated the cornea through an oblique limbal/scleral pathway at the moment of injury, leaving no obvious signs of corneal injury in the first clinical examination. Secondly, the corneal injury perhaps occurred due to the dog rubbing its head on the floor between the initial examination and the first follow-up examination after seven days. At first, the case presented as anterior uveitis with an unknown cause. Due to quick scar formation of wounds in dogs and the fact that punctiform wounds can be difficult to detect, an orbital foreign body was not initially suspected. However, seven days afterwards, a new sign of triangular limbus-based corneal opacification appeared. This led to suspicion of a previous corneal injury and the nearby (orbital) presence of a foreign body. This diagnosis was

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“…Overall, the low complication rate found in this study may be attributed to the prominent use of perioperative antibiotics and case selection of disease limited to globe. The complications of cellulitis, non‐infectious and infectious, in dogs who receive orbital implants could be due to retention of adnexal remnants 5 or merely due to the presence of a foreign material 6 . The low rate of implant migration and extrusion is likely due to low implant mobility in enucleation procedures compared to evisceration 7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes, outcomes, and owner satisfaction of dogs undergoing enucleation with orbital implant placement

Palmer

Ramos

Woodoff-Leith

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To describe clinical and histopathologic pre‐operative diagnoses as well as associated post‐operative complications following orbital silicone implantation in dogs undergoing enucleation and evaluate owner satisfaction. Animals studied One hundred and eighty‐six dogs who underwent enucleation with orbital implant. Procedures Medical records from dogs that underwent enucleation with orbital implant performed at Virginia‐Maryland Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2007 and 2019 were reviewed. Owners were surveyed via telephone regarding client satisfaction. Results Enucleation followed by orbital implant placement occurred in 215 eyes of 186 dogs. The most common pre‐operative diagnoses were glaucoma (68.8%), uveitis (17.7%), cataracts (15.8%), intraocular neoplasia (13.0%), and lens luxation (10.7%). The most common histopathologic diagnoses were retinal degeneration (46.5%), uveitis (39.5%), cataract (29.8%), retinal detachment (27.4%), and secondary glaucoma (26.5%). Fourteen eyes (6.5%) from ten dogs had post‐operative complications reported including orbit cellulitis (n = 11), implant migration (n = 1), and implant extrusion (n = 1). Five of these dogs (50%) had concurrent diabetes mellitus. Median complication time from surgery was 41 days (range: 11–541 days). Ninety‐five owner survey responses were completed with a median time of 6.3 years following surgery. Most owners, 85.3% (n = 81), were satisfied with the post‐operative outcome. Conclusion Enucleation with implantation of an orbital implant is a viable and safe method for irreversibly blind eyes. Diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for the development of post‐operative complications. Intraocular neoplasia was not associated with development of post‐operative complications. Results of this study indicated high owner satisfaction rates for improving cosmetic appearance after enucleation in dogs.

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Retrobulbar cellulitis and abscessation: focus on short‐ and long‐term concurrent ophthalmic diseases in 41 dogs

Abstract: Ophthalmic complications are common in patients with retrobulbar inflammation indicating that these patients should undergo ophthalmic assessment and follow-up.

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs

Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs

A rare case in a dog of intraorbital foreign body with late signs of cornea penetration - presenting initially as anterior uveitis

Causes, outcomes, and owner satisfaction of dogs undergoing enucleation with orbital implant placement

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