Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Supartha IW, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA, Susila IW. 2020. Response of parasitoids to invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cassava crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4543-4549. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest that entered Indonesia in 2010 and attacks cassava plants, especially in Bali Province. This study aimed to identify species and establish the population distribution mapping, community structures (diversity, abundance, and dominance), and parasitization rate on cassava crops in Bali. This study conducted with a field observation method by taking infested shoots of cassava plants by P. manihoti purposively in the field. The cassava mealybug that was present in the leaves or shoots were kept in the laboratory until the parasitoid appeared. The results showed that four species of parasitoids were found to respond to invasive pest, namely Anagyrus lopezi (Encyrtidae), Acerophagus sp. (Encyrtidae), Blepyrus sp. (Encyrtidae) and Encarsia sp. (Aphelinidae). Structurally the parasitoid community had a low abundance (R1 = 0.50–0.87) and low diversity index value (H'= 0.27-0.28). While the parasitoid dominance index was in the moderate category with a value D = 0.33–0.59 in Bangli, Klungkung, Badung, Tabanan, and Buleleng Districts. But it had high dominance index values in Gianyar, Denpasar, Jembrana, and Karangasem Districts with a value D = 0.62-0.72. The three species of parasitoid spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali according to the host distribution map, namely P. manihoti on cassava crop. The four parasitoids showed varying parasitic levels in the field with the highest parasitization rate was A. lopezi followed by Acerophagus sp., Blepyrus sp., and Encarsia sp.

Monitoring of damage and distribution of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia

“…This study used a survey method with a sample location determined purposively [14,15] at three altitudes, namely <500; 500-1,000; >1,000 m.a.s.l. While the determination of the sample unit was using the diagonal method (Figure 1).…”

“…FAW spreads as random in the field, following the spread of the host plant [23]. Insects' abilities to locate food, escape predators, and perhaps be moved away by the wind are influencing the dispersal pattern [14]. According to Du Plessis et al [24], ambient temperature plays an essential impact in the FAW invasion process, particularly the adverse environmental aspects for its growth phase.…”

Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia

“…Meanwhile, young plant leaves have much softer tissue-making cells so that insect larvae prefer them (Badenes-Perez et al 2014;Bhusal and Bhattarai 2019). In addition, young leaves usually contain more water (succulent), so it is very popular with phytophage insects (Supartha et al 2020).…”

“…The results showed that FAW that spread evenly throughout districts/cities in Bali has a random distribution pattern (S 2 /X=1). The pattern of spread is caused by the urge to find food, avoid predators, influence the climate, and get carried away by the wind (Supartha et al 2020).…”

Short Communication: Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) parasitoids on cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) in Bali, Indonesia

“…F. arisanus was not found in Jembrana, whereas A. japonica was only found in Badung, Bangli, Gianyar, and Klungkung as shown in Figure 4. In addition, several factors influence parasitoid distribution, including biotic and abiotic factors (Supartha et al 2020;Yudha et al 2020).…”