Resistência do solo a penetração e desenvolvimento radicular da soja sob sistema plantio direto com tráfego controlado de máquinas agrícolas

Abstract

RESUMO -Organizar o tráfego de máquinas agrícolas que atualmente ocorre de maneira aleatória dentro das áreas comerciais é uma ação com efeito de mitigar os problemas de compactação. Uma vez que o tráfego de máquinas de grande porte sob condições inadequadas de umidade (elevada umidade) do solo, associada com a inadequada rotação de culturas e baixo aporte de massa seca, acaba induzindo a ocorrência da compactação do solo. O controle do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas (tráfego controlado) é uma opção para mitigar as perdas de produtividade das culturas associadas a compactação do solo. Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as modificações impostas pelo tráfego controlado de máquinas na resistência do solo a penetração, no desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e na produtividade da soja. O solo do local é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho com textura muito argilosa. Os tratamentos investigados foram: (a) Sem tráfego de máquinas (tratamento de referência) (ST); (b) Tráfego restrito a passagem do conjunto trator-semeadora (TT); e (c) Tráfego máximo acumulando passagens de pulverizador e do conjunto trator-semeadora (TM). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 3 blocos e 5 repetições. A implantação parcial do sistema de tráfego controlado aumentou a resistência do solo a penetração em locais onde ocorreu o tráfego das máquinas, porém não alcançando valores críticos. O sistema radicular da soja apresentou maior comprimento na camada entre 0,10-0,30 m no tratamento ST, que apresentou produtividade de grãos 7% maior que o tratamento TM, sem apresentar diferença estatística entre eles.Palavras-chave -agricultura de precisão, compactação do solo, penetrometria.Abstract -Controlled traffic farming (CTF) is an efficient tool to mitigate the negative impact of soil compaction in croplands. Since, the traffic of heavy machinery under high soil moisture associate to lack of soil disturbance under no-till, mainly in crop systems with absence of crop rotation result in soil compaction. As alternative to soil management emerge CTF with potential to avoid yield loss by soil compaction and increase machinery efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes imposed by CTF in soil penetration resistance and soybean root growth and grain yeld. The soil is classified as an Oxisol and the climate is cfa in Koeppen classification. The treatments investigated were: (a) No traffic, the reference treatment (NT); (b) Planter and tractor traffic (TT) and (c) Maximum Traffic, accumulating sprayer and tractor-planter (MT). The design experimental was a randomized block with 3 blocks and 5 replicates. In this study, a partial CTF was implanted where the traffic caused an increase in soil penetration resistance but the critical values to this parameter was not reached. The ST treatment had a higher soybean root growth in the 0.10 -0.30 m soil layer and a grain yield increase of 7 % in relation to the MT, without stastical difference.

Soil Physical Attributes Before and After Management Under Sowing Forward Speed

“…Thus, the effect of soil tillage was beneficial on the topsoil and maintained critical penetration resistance levels for satisfactory root development of crops, which vary according to management, soil type, and crop species (Cortez et al, 2017;Girardello et al, 2017).…”

Soil compaction effect on black oat yield in Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…However, some authors reported restrictions with some DC (Santos et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2014), according to soil type, culture, and evaluated attribute. Most of the studies related individual properties to plant growth, especially penetration resistance (Lima et al, 2010;Girardello et al, 2014Girardello et al, , 2017, but this is just one of the many factors affecting plants. An advantage of DC is that many soil properties can be unveiled with the knowledge of the maximum and current bulk density.…”

Energy Performance in Disc Harrowing Operation in Different Gradients and Gauges

“…Adjustments in tractor tread widths have been used mainly in traffic control, as reported by Michelazzo (2018), in which traffic was reduced using tractors with larger tread widths, allowing matching the traffic lanes between tractors and increasing the working range. Girardello et al (2017) evaluated soil resistance to penetration, root development, and soybean yield using traffic-controlled farming and concluded that several passes of the machines on the same traffic lane reduced the length of the crop root system. However, this result was more evident on permanent traffic lanes, enabling localized corrections.…”