This study aims to evaluate the growth and yield of the sugarcane plant cultivars, and their correlation to soil mechanical penetration resistance in a Dystroferric Red Oxisol submitted to reduced tillage and, no-tillage systems. Eight sugarcane plant cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) were in each soil preparation system, and the trial was conducted in a completely randomized design and eight treatments and four replications. The trial evaluated: number of tillers per meter, stalks height and diameter, and stalks yield and sugar content. Additionally, were evaluated the soil mechanical penetration resistance (PR) and soil moisture. The highest rates of daily elongation, yield of stalks and sugar content were observed under no-tillage, due to the lower soil mechanical penetration resistance and higher soil moisture. The cultivar RB966928 presented higher values for growth, yield of stalks and sugar content, while RB855536 and the medium to late maturity cultivars RB975201, RB975242, RB036066, which had either a lower stalk growth rate or presented lower number at the end of the cycle in both soil tillage.
The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) is an indicator of soil physical quality, contributing in information to propose soil management systems in agricultural farming process. This work aimed to assess the usage of LLWR and critical soil bulk density for physical-water quality evaluations, as well as its effect on sugarcane farming under notillage and reduced-tillage, in Oxisol. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers, to determine the following attributes: soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance (PR), volumetric water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point and minimum aeration porosity. The LLWR proved to be a good soil physical water quality indicator in sugarcane farming under conservation tillage system. No-tillage presented a greater range of the LLWR when compared to the reduced-tillage, regardless to the PR value adopted as restrictive for sugarcane roots development, increasing the yield of stalks and sugars contents. The critical soil bulk density under no-tillage is between 1.48 and 1.53 Mg m -3 at the RP of 2 and 4 MPa, while under reduced-tillage it is between 1.44 and 1.51 Mg m -3 .
The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil physical attributes and their relationship to soybean productivity under no-tillage system. The study was conducted in a Oxisol, based on randomized blocks design, with the treatments: no-tillage for 10 years (0 tractor traffic) and five tractor-traffic intensities (2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 passes), with five repetitions. An increase of macroporosity up to 10% under soil bulk density ranging from 1.51 to 1.56 mg.m-3 and soil penetration resistance between 1.5 to 2.0 MPa, on the 0.00-0.10 m layer benefited the soybean productivity. The number of pods per plant, grain number per plant, stem diameter, and soybean productivity is higher in Oxisol, under intermediate compression. Soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance showed to be sensitive an indicators of soil physical quality, with more relation to soybean grain productivity.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SUGAR CANE CULTIVARS YIELD UNDER TWO SOIL PREPARATIONS SYSTEMS SÁLVIO NAPOLEÃO SOARES ARCOVERDE1; CRISTIANO MARCIO ALVES DE SOUZA2; EGAS JOSE ARMANDO3; MANOEL CARLOS GONÇALVES4; WESLLEY RODRIGUES SANTOS5 1,2,4,5Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil, salvionapoleao@gmail.com; csouza@ufgd.edu.br; manoelgoncalves@ufgd.edu.br; weslleyrs1@hotmail.com 3 Escola Superior de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Bairro 7 de setembro, recinto da Escola Secundária de Mucoque, Vilankulo, Inhambane, Mozambique, earmando24@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The knowledge of sugarcane cultivars performance under different soil preparation systems and climatic conditions plays a great role for the correct varietal management in the farming units. Thus, this study aims to characterize the performance of eight sugarcane cultivars, in a Dystroferric Red Latosol under non-tillage and reduced tillage, based on multivariate statistical analysis. To achieve this goal, a trial was conducted at FAECA-UFGD, splitting the area into two sub-areas, which composed the non-tillage and reduced tillage sub-areas. Then, eight sugarcane cultivars were planted in each sub-area basing on a completely randomized design with four replications. To evaluated the trial the data of the stalks length, stalks diameter, number of tillers per meter, yield, soluble solids level content, total recoverable sugars and sucrose content, was collected and submitted to descriptive statistics and then to correlation statistics and the normality test, to verify the analyses of hierarchical and factorial cluster assumptions. The statistical technique of factorial analysis applied into the sugarcane production components, identified three retained factors related to sucrose production, yield and stalks growth, respectively. The statistical technique of hierarchical grouping allows the formation of groups of cultivars according to soil preparation systems, evidencing superior performance in non-tillage, with a major target to the early cultivars (RB965902, RB966928, RB855156) and medium-cycle cultivar (RB985476). Keywords: Saccharum spp, cane-plant, management systems, non-tillage. ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOB DOIS SISTEMAS DE PREPAROS DO SOLO RESUMO: O conhecimento do desempenho de diferentes cultivares de cana-de-açúcar nas distintas condições edafoclimáticas e de manejo do solo serve de subsídio para o correto manejo varietal nas unidades de produção. Objetivou-se caracterizar o desempenho de oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, em cana-planta, cultivadas em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico sob plantio direto e preparo reduzido, baseando-se em técnicas estatísticas de análise multivariada. O trabalho foi conduzido na FAECA-UFGD onde a área exerimental foi dividida em duas subáreas, compostas pelo plantio direto e preparo reduzido. Em cada preparo foram cultivadas oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados comprimento de colmos, diâmetro de colmos, número de perfilhos por metro, produtividade de colmos, teor de sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais recuperáveis e teor de sacarose, cujos dados coletados foram submetidos a descritiva e de correlação, e o teste de normalidade, que serviram como pressupostos para as análises de agrupamento hierárquico e fatorial. A técnica estatística de análise fatorial aplicada para os componentes de produção de cana-de-açúcar identificou três fatores retidos referentes à produção de sacarose, produtividade e crescimento de colmos, respectivamente. A técnica estatística de agrupamento hierárquica permitiu a formação de grupos de cultivares em função do preparo do solo, evidenciando desempenho superior em plantio direto, com maior desempenho para as cultivares precoce (RB965902, RB966928, RB855156) e cultivar de ciclo médio (RB985476). Palavras-chaves: Saccharum spp., cana-planta, sistemas de manejo, plantio direto.
Mechanized planting, is one of the main operations in the sugarcane production cycle that directly affects the longevity of the shoots, the crop yield and the profitability of the crop. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the furrow depth, furrow coverage and furrows spacing in a mechanized sugarcane plantation with a planter and a distributor in the day and night shifts of operation, using as statistical analysis quality control tool. In both shifts were sampled 30 points, where was collect data of furrow depth, furrow coverage and furrows spacing. The quality indicators of mechanized sugarcane planting are not influenced by the day and night shifts, and present values considered satisfactory when carrying out mechanized planting with a planter or distributor.
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