Resistance training alters torque-velocity relation of elbow flexors in elderly men

Labarque, Valery; Eijnde, Bert O.; Leemputte, Marc Van

doi:10.1097/00005768-200205000-00019

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The beneficial effects of resistance training on muscle strength and mass in older adults have been reported in several studies (Fiatarone and Evans 1990;Hagerman et al 2000;Hunter et al 2001;Labarque et al 2002;MacCartney et al 1996;Newton et al 2002). Reflecting the results of these studies and others, the exercise guidelines developed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (1998a, b) for healthy adults and the elderly give special emphasis to resistance exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults

et al. 2004

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The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological effects of a programmed accommodating circuit exercise (PACE) program consisting of aerobic exercise and hydraulic-resistance exercise (HRE) on fitness in older adults. Thirty-five volunteers were randomly divided into two groups [PACE group (PG) 8 men and 10 women, 68.3 (4.9) years, and non-exercise control group (CG) 7 men and 10 women, 68.0 (3.4) years). The PG participated in a 12-week, 3 days per week supervised program consisting of 10 min warm-up and 30 min of PACE (moderate intensity HRE and aerobic movements at 70% of peak heart rate) followed by 10 min cool-down exercise. PACE increased ( P<0.05) oxygen uptake ( V(.)O(2)) at lactate threshold [PG, pre 0.79 (0.20) l min(-1), post 1.02 (0.22) l min(-1), 29%; CG, pre 0.87 (0.14) l min(-1), post 0.85 (0.15) l min(-1), -2%] and at peak V(.)O(2) [PG, pre 1.36 (0.24) l min(-1), post 1.56 (0.28) l min(-1), 15%; CG, pre 1.32 (0.29) l min(-1), post 1.37 (0.37) l min(-1), 4%] in PG measured using an incremental cycle ergometer. Muscular strength evaluated by a HRE machine increased at low to high resistance dial settings for knee extension (9-52%), knee flexion (14-76%), back extension (18-92%) and flexion (50-70%), chest pull (6-28%) and press (3-17%), shoulder press (18-31%) and pull (26-85%), and leg press (21%). Body fat (sum of three skinfolds) decreased (16%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) increased (10.9 mg dl(-1)) for PG. There were no changes in any variables for CG. These results indicate that PACE training incorporating aerobic exercise and HRE elicits significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, body composition, and HDLC for older adults. Therefore, PACE training is an effective well-rounded exercise program that can be utilized as a means to improve health-related components of fitness in older adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults

et al. 2004

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“…Given the faster declines in muscle power than in strength with age (Bosco & Komi, 1980;Izquierdo, Aguado, Gonzalez, Lopez, & Hakkinen, 1999;Labarque, 'T Eijnde, & Van Leemputte, 2002;Metter, Conwit, Tobin, & Fozard, 1997;Skelton, Greig, Davies, & Young, 1994) and its stronger associations with functional performance and disability (Bassey et al, 1992;Bean et al, 2003;Cuoco et al, 2004;Foldvari et al, 2000;Hruda, Hicks, & McCartney, 2003;Suzuki, Bean, & Fielding, 2001), recent attention has been directed toward specific resistance-training strategies to improve muscle power in older adults de Vos et al, 2005;Earles, Judge, & Gunnarsson, 2001;Fielding et al, 2002;Henwood & Taaffe, 2005;Hruda et al; de Vos, Orr, and Fiatarone Singh are with the Discipline of Exercise, Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Singh, Ross, and Stavrinos are with Balmain Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Power-Training Intensity on the Contribution of Force and Velocity to Peak Power in Older Adults

Vos

Singh²,

Ross³

et al. 2008

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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Objective:To determine the effect of training intensity on the contributions of force and velocity to improvements in peak power (PP) after explosive resistance training in older adults.Methods:112 healthy older adults (69 ± 6 yr) were randomized to explosive resistance training at 20% (G20), 50% (G50), or 80% (G80) maximal strength (1-repetition maximum) for 8–12 wk (twice weekly, 5 exercises, 3 sets of 8 explosive concentric/slow eccentric repetitions) using pneumatic resistance machines or a nontraining control group (CON).Results:Force at peak power (FPP) increased significantly and similarly among training groups compared with CON. Velocity at peak power (VPP) did not improve significantly and remained similar between all groups. Force contributed significantly more to PP production in G80 and G50 than in CON. The change in PP was independently predicted by changes in fat-free mass in G80 and by changes in both FPP and VPP in G50 and G20.Conclusion:Explosive resistance training in older adults results in the ability to produce higher PP outputs with heavier loads without loss of movement velocity. Moderate- to high-intensity training induced a greater relative contribution of force to PP production in this cohort.

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“…In-vivo studies have consistently found that the estimated maximum contraction velocity (V max ) of muscles is lower in healthy older adults compared to their younger counterparts (83,112,166,167,176) (see Table 2). Ochala and colleagues (117) did not estimate or directly measure V max , but reported an index of maximal shortening velocity (VI max ).…”

Section: Maximum Shortening Velocity Of Musclesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of eccentrically biased versus conventional resistance training in older adults

Raj

Bird

Westfold

et al. 2011

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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The major objectives of this thesis were: (i) to compare the acute effects of eccentrically-biased and conventional resistance training on arterial stiffness, platelet reactivity, activation and count, postural stability and isometric force steadiness in older men and women; and (ii) to compare the effects 16-weeks of eccentrically- ABSTRACTAging in humans is associated with a loss in neuromuscular function and performance. This is related, in part, to the reduction in muscular strength and power caused by a loss of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) and changes in muscle architecture. Due to these changes, the force-velocity (f-v) relationship of human muscles alters with age. This change has functional implications such as slower walking speeds. Different methods to reverse these changes have been investigated, including traditional resistance training, power training and eccentric (or eccentrically-biased) resistance training. This review will summarise the changes of the f-v relationship with age, the functional implications of these changes and the various methods to reverse or at least partly ameliorate these changes.

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Resistance training alters torque-velocity relation of elbow flexors in elderly men

Abstract: The results of the present study demonstrate that, after moderate intensity resistance training of healthy elderly men, maximal contraction velocity of elbow flexors (eVmax), estimated from the torque-velocity curve, increased to values observed for sedentary young men.

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults

Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults

Effect of Power-Training Intensity on the Contribution of Force and Velocity to Peak Power in Older Adults

The effects of eccentrically biased versus conventional resistance training in older adults

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