Resistance of stored bean varieties to Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Abstract

During bean seed storage, yield can be lost due to infestations of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, the bean weevil. The use of resistant varieties has shown promising results in fighting these insects, reducing infestation levels and eliminating chemical residues from the beans. The expression of resistance to A. obtectus in bean varieties is frequently attributed to the presence of phytohemagglutinins, protease inhibitors and alpha-amylase, and especially to variants of the protein arcelin, which reduce the larval viability of these insects. To evaluate the effect of bean seed storage time on the resistance expression of bean varieties to A. obtectus, tests with seeds of three ages (freshly-harvested, 4-month-old, and 8-monthold) were conducted in the laboratory, using four commercial varieties: Carioca Pitoco, Ipa 6, Porrillo 70, Ônix; four improved varieties containing arcelin protein: Arc.1, Arc.2, Arc. 3, Arc.4; and three wild varieties also containing arcelin protein: Arc.1S, Arc.3S, and Arc. 5S. The Arc.5S, Arc.1S, and Arc.2 varieties expressed high antibiosis levels against the weevil; Arc.1 and Arc3S expressed the same mechanism, but at lower levels. The occurrence of oviposition non-preference was also observed in Arc.5S and Arc.1S. The Arc.3 and Arc. 4 varieties expressed low feeding non-preference levels against A. obtectus. The expression of resistance in arcelin-bearing, wild or improved varieties was affected during the storage of seeds, and was high under some parameters but low in others. The results showed that addition of chemical resistance factors such as protein arcelin via genetic breeding may be beneficial in improving the performance of bean crops.

Characterization of resistance to the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, 1831 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in common bean genotypes

“…To begin the tests, six adults (randomly collected and up to 48 h old) were released into each container (Baldin and Lara 2008). The containers were capped and placed in the chamber.…”

“…Based on the screening results and the availability of the grains, eight bean genotypes with variable levels of resistance were selected: Carioca Pitoco, Ipa 6, Porrilo 70, Onix, Arc.1, Arc.2, Arc.3, and Arc.4 (the latter four corresponded to lines bred that contained arcelin 1, 2, 3, and 4). The genotypes Arc.1S and Arc.3S were also included (wild genotypes containing arcelin 1 and 3, respectively) as resistant controls (Baldin and Lara 2008).…”

“…Arcelin is found in resistant wild varieties but is absent in many susceptible commercial and wild varieties (Romero Andreas et al 1986;Cardona et al 1990;Blair et al 2010;Zaugg et al 2013). Based on previous studies, arcelin, found in several wild genotypes, is associated with resistance in common beans (Osborn et al 1986(Osborn et al , 1988Romero Andreas et al 1986;Cardona et al 1989Cardona et al , 1990Minney et al 1990;Velten et al 2007), and types 1, 2, and 5 are the most resistant against bruchids (Barbosa et al 1999;Baldin and Lara 2008;Sakthivelkumar et al 2013). Arcelin prolongs immature development of A. obtectus by 15% (Schmale et al 2002) and acts as a growth inhibitor on first instar larvae.…”

Characterization of cowpea genotype resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus

“…These results are indicative of the expression of antibiosis-type resistance in IT81 D-1045 Enramador and IT81 D-1045 Ereto. The viability and duration of the immature phase are considered important parameters for the characterization of antibiosis to other grain weevils such as Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Baldin & Lara, 2008) and Zabrotes subfasciatus Boh. (Baldin & Pereira, 2010).…”

Bioactivity of selected plant-derived essential oils against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

“…Among the various insects that affect stored grains, the Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) stands out (Costa et al, 2014). Weevil attack diminishes grain weight, alters the grain physical properties, and increases microorganism invasion (Baldin and Lara, 2008).…”