-Aiming to evaluate the possible mechanisms of resistance of different tomato genotypes (Lycopersicon spp.) to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, assays were performed in greenhouse and laboratory. The evaluated genotypes were 'IAC-Santa Clara' (L. esculentum), PI-127826 (L. hirsutum), PI-134417 and PI-134418 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum), LA-716 (L. pennellii), LA-371 and LA-444-1 (L. peruvianum), LA-1584 and PI-126931 (L. pimpinellifolium). Under greenhouse conditions, LA-716, PI-134417 and PI-134418 were the least attractive to whitefly. The genotype LA-716 expressed high nonpreference level; PI-134417, PI-134418, PI-127826 and PI-126931 were also resistant, but in lower levels. Regarding the whole period of development (eggadult), the genotypes PI-127826, PI-134417, PI-134418 and LA-444-1 increased the life cycle of the insect, indicating feeding nonpreference and/or antibiosis.KEY WORDS: Silverleaf whitefly, Lycopersicon, host plant resistance RESUMO -Visando avaliar os possíveis mecanismos de resistência de diferentes genótipos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon spp.) em relação à mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B, realizaram-se ensaios em casa-de-vegetação e laboratório. Os genótipos estudados foram 'IAC-Santa Clara' (L. esculentum), PI-127826 (L. hirsutum), PI-134417 e PI-134418 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum), LA-716 (L. pennellii), LA-371 e LA-444-1 (L. peruvianum), LA-1584 e PI-126931 (L. pimpinellifolium). Em casa-de-vegetação, LA-716, PI-134417 e PI-134418 foram os menos atrativos à mosca-branca; o genótipo LA-716 expressou elevado nível de não-preferência; PI-134417, PI-134418, PI-127826 e PI-126931 também foram considerados resistentes, porém em níveis mais baixos. Tomando-se o período total de desenvolvimento (ovo-adulto), os genótipos PI-127826, PI-134417, PI-134418 e LA-444-1 prolongaram o ciclo do inseto, indicando a ocorrência de não-preferência para alimentação e/ou antibiose. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mosca-branca, Lycopersicon, resistência de plantas a insetosA mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) é apontada entre as principais pragas da maioria das plantas cultivadas, incluindo o tomateiro Lycopersicon spp. (Buntin et al. 1993). No Brasil, B. tabaci ganhou maior destaque em meados de 1990/91, quando o biótipo B, também denominado B. argentifolii, foi constatado atacando diversas culturas, com destaque para olerícolas (Lourenção & Nagai 1994, França et al. 1996, Villas Bôas et al. 1997.Em tomateiro, o ataque de B. tabaci biótipo B pode ocasionar perdas de até 100% na produção. Os danos diretos são provocados pela sucção de seiva da região do floema, secreção de substâncias açucaradas (honeydew) e amarelecimento irregular dos frutos, podendo estes ficar internamente com aspecto esponjoso ou "isoporizados". Os danos indiretos são decorrentes da transmissão de geminivírus às plantas, que provocam amarelecimento, nanismo acentuado e enrugamento severo das folhas terminais, com redução acentuada da produção (Brown & Bird 1992, Brown 1994. De acordo com Schuster et al. (1996), ...
Integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) in various cropping systems demand a comprehensive understanding of insect behavior. Among the needed information is basic charaterizations of larval movement and dispersion of some insect-pests, such as the noctuidsStriacosta albicosta(Smith) andSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith). We investigated the plant-to-plant movement of western bean cutworm and fall armyworm larvae in field of maize. Experiments onS. albicostawere conducted between 2008 and 2010. A main study with this pest was performed in 2012 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine replications. AnS. frugiperdastudy was performed in 2013 in an RCBD with eight replications. The plant- to-plant movement and larval survival were measured in plots with maize nontoxic to the insects. The larval survival ofS. albicostapresented high variety throughout the years. AlthoughS. frugiperdasurvival was relatively low during 2013, it did not compromise the larval assessment. Larvae of both species dispersed governed by nondirectional sensory information, and presented aggregated and symmetrical distribution; however, fall armyworm remained nearer the release point. These results may help the IPM components, such as scouting and economic threshold, as well as the implementation of refuge and seed mixture strategies for IRM.
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, has become the most significant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] insect pest in the north central soybean production region of North America. The objectives of this research were to measure selected genotypes for resistance to the soybean aphid in the later vegetative and reproductive stages under field conditions, and confirm the presence of tolerance in KS4202. The results from 2007 to 2011 indicate that KS4202 can support aphid populations with minimal yield loss at levels where significant yield loss would be expected in most other genotypes. The common Nebraska cultivar, 'Asgrow 2703', appears to show signs of tolerance as well. None of the yield parameters were significantly different between the aphid infested and noninfested treatments. Based on our results, genotypes may compensate for aphid feeding in different ways. Asgrow 2703 appears to produce a similar number of seeds as its noninfested counterpart, although the seeds produced are slightly smaller. Field evaluation of tolerance in KS4202 indicated a yield loss of only 13% at 34,585-53,508 cumulative aphid-days, when 24-36% yield loss would have been expected.
The recent scientific literature on plant-derived agents with potential or effective use in the control of the arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases is reviewed. Arthropod-borne tropical diseases include: amebiasis, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), cholera, cryptosporidiosis, dengue (hemorrhagic fever), epidemic typhus (Brill-Zinsser disease), filariasis (elephantiasis), giardia (giardiasis), human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), isosporiasis, leishmaniasis, Lyme disease (lyme borreliosis), malaria, onchocerciasis, plague, recurrent fever, sarcocystosis, scabies (mites as causal agents), spotted fever, toxoplasmosis, West Nile fever, and yellow fever. Thus, coverage was given to work describing plant-derived extracts, essential oils (EOs), and isolated chemicals with toxic or noxious effects on filth bugs (mechanical vectors), such as common houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus), American and German cockroaches (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus, Blatella germanica Linnaeus), and oriental latrine/blowflies (Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius) as well as biting, blood-sucking arthropods such as blackflies (Simulium Latreille spp.), fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), kissing bugs (Rhodnius Stål spp., Triatoma infestans Klug), body and head lice (Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus, P. humanus capitis De Geer), mosquitoes (Aedes Meigen, Anopheles Meigen, Culex L., and Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribálzaga spp.), sandflies (Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, Phlebotomus Loew spp.), scabies mites (Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer, S. scabiei var hominis, S. scabiei var canis, S. scabiei var suis), and ticks (Ixodes Latreille, Amblyomma Koch, Dermacentor Koch, and Rhipicephalus Koch spp.). Examples of plant extracts, EOs, and isolated chemicals exhibiting noxious or toxic activity comparable or superior to the synthetic control agents of choice (pyrethroids, organophosphorous compounds, etc.) are provided in the text for many arthropod vectors of tropical diseases.
Produzir alimentos com qualidade e em quantidade suficiente para atender ao crescimento populacional tornou-se um dos maiores desafios da humanidade. Essa meta exige o desenvolvimento de tecnologias racionais que otimizem o uso de recursos naturais, ampliando a capacidade produtiva, além de estratégias para redução das perdas de produção.Insetos, fungos, vírus e bactérias causam severas perdas à produção de alimentos em todo o mundo, e ainda hoje o controle desses agentes é comumente realizado através de defensivos sintéticos. Algumas das moléculas utilizadas no controle de insetos-praga são extremamente tóxicas para organismos não alvo e seu uso incorreto, em muitos casos, é prejudicial à saúde dos animais e seres humanos, induzindo doenças importantes, como câncer e males do sistema imunológico. Além disso, alguns desses compostos são persistentes, sendo degradados lentamente e levando à poluição do solo e da água. A evolução de populações de insetos resistentes a moléculas sintéticas
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.