Republic of Zimbabwe National Water Policy: A Desk Review of the Gaps between the Policy and Its Implementation

Abstract

The researchers set out to identify the gaps between the Republic of Zimbabwe National Water Policy and its implementation. A qualitatively-oriented desk review provided the step-by 61 Contribution/ OriginalityThis is an original and unique article on the qualitative gaps between Zimbabwe's NationalWater Policy and its implementation as social policy issues. The study contributes to the limited empirical knowledge and literature on effective policy implementation.

Urban water conundrums in Zimbabwe – the role of water policy and its implementation gaps

“…In those publications where scholars reported on water policy and implementation of policy (Сhigudu 2015), they did not critique the policy formulation nor its implementation. However, one study which reported on an analysis of documents (Tom & Munemo 2015) used a public policy approach where they incorporated the formulation and implementation of the ZNWP in an analysis of the gaps between the national water policy and its implementation. The analysis identified a number of qualitative policy implementation gaps between the ZNWP and its implementation, including:…”

“…Instead, the authors just overview these three policies together with other legislation that informs water supply programmes in Zimbabwe (Nhapi 2009;MWRDM 2012;World Bank 2013;Muzondi 2014;Musingafi et al 2015), and do not discuss their efficacy in the provision of water services in urban areas. Furthermore, policy analysts argue that merely identifying that water supply problems exist without assessing the effectiveness of these policies in the provision of these services, is of limited use (Tom & Munemo 2015). Therefore, the interaction between policy making and implementation is a very important aspect of policy analysis because some gaps that are created in policy making can have ramifications for the implementation phase (Brinkerhoff & Crosby 2002;Pretorius 2003).…”

“…Therefore, the interaction between policy making and implementation is a very important aspect of policy analysis because some gaps that are created in policy making can have ramifications for the implementation phase (Brinkerhoff & Crosby 2002;Pretorius 2003). Tom & Munemo (2015) argue that reporting on IWRM is important because IWRM principles also inform water supply programmes in Zimbabwe. However, these principles need to be translated into practice for them to benefit the water supply sector.…”

“…The ineffective implementation of policies and legislation that are aimed at informing programmes for the provision of WSS services (Hanrahan & Dosu 2017) has been also identified as one of the major potential barriers to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 6.1 that calls for universal access to these services by 2030 (WHO/UNICEF 2019). It is increasingly being noted that policy objectives fail to be achieved in practice and this constitutes policy implementation gaps/failures (Brinkerhoff & Crosby 2002;Pretorius 2003;Tom & Munemo 2015;Signé 2017). Carter & Howsam (1998) indicate that even the most brilliant piece of policymaking will fail if implemented inappropriately.…”

The effects of an integrative supply chain strategy on customer service and firm performance: an analysis of direct versus indirect relationships

“…Drinking water quality is an important point of concern of all water supply companies (Edition, 2011;Organization, 2004;Aderinola et al, 2012;Galavi et al, 2012;Menbohan et al, 2013Eid et al, 2014Kessey & Ampaabeng, 2014;Lohani et al, 2014;Tir et al, 2014;Tom & Munemo, 2015;Kabir & Aftab, 2017;Wang & Huang, 2018;Jennifer & Chi, 2018). Resolution of various issues with water quality is important link with customer satisfaction which enhances the SCM and company performance (Gray, 2008;Perez, 2014;Duru & Chibo, 2014;Abiodun, 2014;Kaouther & Besma, 2014;Chang'ach, 2018;Raza et al, 2018).…”