Reproductive Biology and Ecology of the Green Mussel Perna viridis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Abstract

A multidisciplinary approach was applied to explore deeper knowledge about the reproductive biology and ecology of the green mussel (Perna viridis) by interlinking among ecological factors, ingested gut plankton, gonad fatty acid profile, and reproductive traits. Mussels were collected throughout the year from the coastal region of the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh, and the histological analysis of 242 mussels revealed five stages of gametogenesis with an annual spawning season from January to April. The gonadosomatic index showed a strong correlation with the water quality parameters, ingested gut plankton groups, and gonadal fatty acids, and also displayed prominent effects of seasonality. In all datasets, we performed principal component analysis in which the first two principal components showed that seasonality explained >65% of the variability, and the multivariate spaces of seasonality corresponded to the gonad development. High salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll a, and plankton abundance in the water column were positively correlated with gonad development and the spawning of mussels. During the development stage, mussel ingested more plankton, particularly Bacillariophyceae and Pyrrophyceae, which were an important source of increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in gonads. Furthermore, gonads accumulated more lipids and saturated fatty acids during the mature and spawning stages, which were probably utilized during embryogenesis and early larval development as energy sources and constituents of the cell membrane. This research provides a model toward a better understanding of reproductive biological traits and how these traits are interrelated with the surrounding environmental variables of the green mussel, which would be helpful in marine aquaculture and the sustainable exploitation of the fishery resources.

Density and characteristics of Green mussels (Perna viridis) in Percut Sei Tuan coastal, North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Other water parameters that were also positively related to the density of green clams were temperature, silt and clay. The results of temperature measurements show that the temperatures at all stations are still in the range that supports P. viridis life (Asaduzzaman et al 2019). The range of water temperature in the Percut Sei Tuan is between 29.73-32.17°C.…”

“…Station II is the estuarine area, while station III is an intertidal area that leads to the open sea (Figure 1). Identification, measurement of length and weight of Green mussels (Asaduzzaman et al 2019;Putri et al 2012;Shahbazi et al 2010) were carried out at the Laboratory of Water Environment, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. Substrate analysis (Basyuni et al 2018)…”

Effectiveness of Sialang Forest Honey in Maleisation of the Platy Pedang Fish (Xiphophorus sp.)

“…Steroid hormones, such as 17αmethyltestosterone, has several negative effects, such as carcinogenic effects and environmental pollution by (Sudrajat and Sarida 2006). Moreover, this hormone is expensive and difficult to obtain (Damayanti et al, 2013;Asaduzzaman et al 2019). Therefore, natural hormone stimulants are safer and more environmentally friendly than synthetic materials Contreras-Sanchez et al (2001).…”

Morfometri Dan Hubungan Panjang Berat Kerang Hijau (Perna veridis) dari Perairan Tambak Lorok, Semarang Dan Morosari, Demak, Jawa Tengah

“…Nisbah kelamin secara umum jantan dan betina di Tambak Lorok dan Morosari yaitu 1 : 0,88 dimana perbandingan yang hampir seimbang memicu terjadinya perkembangbiakan kerang hijau dengan cepat atau cenderung menyesuaiakan tingkat kesuburan perairan (Natan et al, 2007). Asaduzzaman et al, (2019) juga mendapatkan hasil nisbah kelamin 1:0.93 pada kerang hijau di Teluk Bengal, Bangladesh. Reproduksi pada kerang merupakan aktivitas biologis yang kompleks, yang berhubungan dengan faktor eksogenus, seperti musim, lingkungam, kesediaan pakan; serta faktor endogenus seperti persediaan energi, kompoisisi nutrien dan kondisi fisiologis (Laxmilatha, 2013;McFerland & Lutz, 2016).…”

“…Kualitas perairan berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan kerang hijau. Asaduzzaman et al (2019) menyatakan bahwa DO dan salinitas berpengaruh positif secara nyata pada reproduksi kerang hijau, sedangkan suhu dan kedalaman laut berpengaruh negative secara nyata. Faktor yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap reproduksi kerang hijau adalah pH.…”