Representative Bureaucracy: Further Evidence of Active Representation in the EEOC District Offices

Hindera, John J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037179

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, Keiser et al (2002) found that the presence of female math teachers was associated with better performance of female math students. Several other studies have found similar results and have further specified the underlying theoretical linkages (Hindera, 1993;Lim, 2006;Meier, 1993b;Meier and Nicholson-Crotty, 2006;Saltzstein, 1979;Wilkins & Keiser, 2006). Based on this work, one may hypothesize that women in supervisory positions in STEM fields in federal departments and agencies will work to promote the interests of women who apply for work in STEM fields and will act to help ensure the success of women once they are hired.…”

Section: The Principal Independent Variablesupporting

confidence: 60%

Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs: The Impact of Female Supervisors

Kellough

Brown

2023

Public Personnel Management

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This article provides an assessment of the employment of women in STEM occupations in the U.S. federal government. Women are underrepresented in STEM fields in the U.S. federal service, but their levels of employment vary markedly between departments and agencies. Women also quit federal STEM jobs in disproportionately large numbers, compared with men, and compared with women in other professions, and they resign at varying rates depending on the department or agency. We examine the impact of the presence of women in STEM supervisory positions on these patterns using a two-staged instrumental variable model. Our findings suggest that larger proportions of women in supervisory positions in STEM fields may help to produce higher levels of employment of women, but the presence of women as STEM supervisors has no observable impact on the rate at which women quit STEM jobs.

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Section: The Principal Independent Variablesupporting

confidence: 60%

Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs: The Impact of Female Supervisors

Kellough

Brown

2023

Public Personnel Management

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“…For example, increases in the number of federal bureaucrats of color are associated with more positive loan application decisions in the U.S. Farmers Home Administration (Selden 1997), more EPA enforcement actions in local communities with high levels of race-related social vulnerability and severe environmental inequities (Liang, Park and Zho 2020), more discrimination investigations and charges filed on behalf of Black and Latinx people through the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Hindera 1993), and increases in federal contracts to minority-owned firms (Brunjes and Kellough 2018). Law enforcement bureaucracies with more racial and ethnic descriptive representation tend to engage in less intensive immigration enforcement of Latinx immigrants (Chand 2020;Lewis et al 2013), are viewed as more trustworthy, fairer, and more legitimate among communities of color (Riccucci, Van Ryzin and Jackson 2018), and have officers of color that are less likely to use severe force against Black people (Headley and Wright 2020).…”

Section: Representative Bureaucracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Really Represents Me? The Case of Afro-Latinx Bureaucratic Representation in New York City Public Schools

Capers,

Carr Schneider

2024

J. Race Ethnicity Politics

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As demographic groups’ heterogeneity increases, questions emerge about how elected and unelected political representatives respond to such diversity. Representative bureaucracy scholarship suggests that representatives will rely on shared values and interests with clients of their demographic group to make decisions or implement policies that improve the group’s status. However, differences in immigration histories, demographic characteristics, language, and discrimination experiences within racial and ethnic groups are points of diversion that could affect representation. We explore the relationship between race and ethnicity to understand how within-group differences may disrupt the traditional assumptions of representation. Centering on the experiences of Afro-Latinx students, we ask, What effect do within-group differences have on bureaucrat-client representation?” Afro-Latinx students share a racial identity with Black education bureaucrats and an ethnic identity with Latinx education bureaucrats but may also differ from both groups in their language acquisition, culture, norms, and interests. We find that Black representatives offer Afro-Latinx students substantive representation, while Latinx representatives do not when we consider their racial identity. The research holds implications for understanding the boundaries of representation and may offer insight into the importance of disaggregating groups in representation studies.

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“…Kennedy (2014, p. 404) notes a wide variety of variables have been explored in the representative bureaucracy literature. Most common are variables measuring race, gender, and class/income; still other variables included: religion, regional origin, educational attainment, age, and party affiliation (Kennedy, 2014, p. 404; see also Hindera, 1993; Meier & Stewart, 1992; Meier et al, 1999). 6 We controlled for race and ethnicity with “1” or “0” binary coding for the variables Black and Hispanic; similarly, we controlled for gender identity (1 = Female, 0 = Not Female).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrants and Passive Representation in the U.S. Public Service: 2000-2018

Simon

Moltz

2023

Administration & Society

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Representative bureaucracy has been a prominent construct in U.S. governance literature for more than three quarters of a century. Passive representation is an important first step toward active representation. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we find that immigrant status and accompanying multigenerational effects impact the likelihood of employment in the public sector. The barrier of immigrant status and multigenerational effects are likely compounded by the educational achievement barrier associated with growing professionalism in the public sector.

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Representative Bureaucracy: Further Evidence of Active Representation in the EEOC District Offices

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs: The Impact of Female Supervisors

Agency Variation in the Employment of Women in U.S. Federal STEM Jobs: The Impact of Female Supervisors

Who Really Represents Me? The Case of Afro-Latinx Bureaucratic Representation in New York City Public Schools

Immigrants and Passive Representation in the U.S. Public Service: 2000-2018

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