Rendimento e valor nutritivo de cereais de inverno de duplo propósito: forragem verde e silagem ou grãos

Abstract

Yield and nutritive value of dual purpose winter cereals: green forage, silage or grain ABSTRACT -This study was carried out to evaluate 14 genotypes of six winter species for yield and nutritive value of early forage and silage or regrowth grain. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design with three replications, so that the plots consisted of seven 5.0 m-long rows spaced at 0.2 m. The seeding date was April in the three study years and fertilization followed the recommendations for the crops. During the tillering period and after cutting, urea was applied at the rate of 22.5 kg N/ha. Each plot was cut at a height of 7.0 cm from the soil to estimate the forage yield per genotype, when plants reached 30 cm height. Half the regrowth of each plot was used for silage and half for grain.Harvesting for silage was at the dough stage, from 30 to 35% DM. Nutritive value analyses were made using the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. Rye BRS Serrano was superior for green forage, silage, and total forage yield (green forage + silage) and regrowth grain yield. However, for grain yield, BRS Serrano rye was similar to BRS 277 wheat, BRS 148 and BRS 203 triticales, UPF 18 oats, and BR 1 rye. It is possible to obtain early forage using genotypes of rye, wheat, barley, and triticale, producing equivalent forage yields to those obtained with black oats pasture. Embrapa 53 triticale and UPF 18 oats yielded more digestible green forage, but the silages had digestibility similar to barley silage.Key Words: digestibility, NDF, oats, rye, triticale, wheat IntroduçãoOs cereais de inverno incluem a aveia-branca (Avena sativa L.), o centeio (Secale cereale L.), a cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.), o trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e o triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). Geralmente são utilizados para produção de grãos, para alimentação humana e animal, como forrageira constituintes de pastagens ou conservados R. Bras.

<b>Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of winter cereal silage at different storage times

“…It is worth noting that these cereals are of great importance for their nutritional value, digestibility and ease of cultivation in the southern region of the country, which allow to be an alternative for periods of forage shortage (Fontaneli et al, 2009, Lehmen, Fontaneli, Fontaneli, & Santos, 2014.…”

Nutritional value of black and white oat cultivars ensiled in two phenological stages

“…However, only after the recent expansion of Brazilian agriculture, silage made with winter cereals began to receive attention from professionals and producers, and it started to be used in alternate crop systems and to utilize grain crops damaged by hail, frost, diseases, or/and pests (Mühlbach, 1999). In addition, an interesting alternative is to use these damaged crops for grazing or silage, and then the regrowth for grain production (Fontaneli et al, 2009). Among winter crops, oat is particularly important in southern Brazil, and it is planted on large areas in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, because of its adaptation to the local climate and soils, to its productivity and flexibility when planted for grain, forage or soil cover purposes.…”

Silagem pré-secada de cereais de inverno em estádio de pré-florescimento: Revisão

“…Viu-se assim, na sua alta resistência a doenças um ponto favorável a sua utilização como pastagem, sendo a a mais utilizada para tal fim. Fontaneli et al (2009) Em relação à silagem pré-secada de cevada, a mesma vem ganhando espaço como parte estratégica das dietas de bovinos devido a sua alta qualidade nutricional. Segundo Rojas and Catrileo (2000), a qualidade da silagem de cevada diminui de acordo com o avanço da maturidade da planta motivado pelo aumento da percentagem de colmo.…”

“…Ao passo que a planta avança em estádios de maturação a produção de matéria seca tende a aumentar (David et al, 2010, Beck et al, 2009; porém, ocorre redução nos teores de proteína bruta (Fontaneli et al, 2009 de pré-florescimento quanto no estádio de grão farináceo, porém, cada qual com suas peculiaridades estruturais e químicas. O estádio de pré-florescimento é caracterizado pela elevada concentração de proteína bruta, baixo teor de matéria seca e fibra de alta digestibilidade (Filya, 2003).…”

“…Em contrapartida, os cereais de inverno possuem um alto teor de proteína, principalmente na fase vegetativa (Fontaneli et al, 2009). Portanto, um não substitui o outro, mas sim, cada qual tem uma função distinta dentro de cada dieta.…”