Remote airport traffic control center with augmented vision video panorama

Schmidt, Markus; Rudolph, Michael C.; Papenfus, Anne; Friedrich, Maik; Möhlenbrink, Christoph; Kaltenhäuser, Sven; Fürstenau, Norbert

doi:10.1109/dasc.2009.5347479

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A zoom camera system is capable of changing the focal length, focus distance, and aperture value to suit different fields of view (FOVs), depths of field (DOFs), and lighting conditions. Thus, zoom lens devices have been extensively used in various applications, e.g., robotic vision and active vision (Utsumi et al, 2012;Warren et al, 2013), augmented reality (Chendeb et al, 2013;Tatzgern et al, 2014), object detection or tracking (Kim et al, 2013;Tao et al, 2009;Tarhan and Altug, 2011), and traffic monitoring (Schmidt et al, 2009;Song and Tai, 2006). However, in the field of close-range photogrammetry, fixed lenses are more commonly used than zoom lenses mainly because of difficulties in metric modeling and calibration of zoom lens cameras (Ahmed and Farag, 2000;Wu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Zoom lens calibration with zoom- and focus-related intrinsic parameters applied to bundle adjustment

Zheng

Huang

2015

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Zoom lens calibration with zoom- and focus-related intrinsic parameters applied to bundle adjustment

Zheng

Huang

2015

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

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“…As each flight phase can be mapped onto an equivalent phase of a higher abstraction level (corresponding to a lower level of detail), this approach allows direct comparisons even when the level of detail originally offered by the simulators is different. Within the next months the already analyzed simulation data of the project RAiCe [14] will be analyzed again with the help of EWMS and the unified flight phase model. The quantity and quality of new aspects discovered by the flight phase model will be evaluated and thereby can give an assessment about the effort of the flight phase model.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A unified flight phase and event model for the analysis of heterogeneous ATM simulations

Scharnweber

Schier

2011

CEAS Aeronaut J

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The research activities of the DLR Institute of Flight Guidance include validation and verification of new systems and procedures, such as airport infrastructure, routes, or assistance systems for air traffic controllers and pilots. Research is supported by a number of different simulation environments. Real-time simulators (RTS) like the Apron and Tower Simulator or the Air Traffic Management and Operations Simulator, as well as several fast-time simulation (FTS) tools focus on different parts of air traffic and help to examine various aspects of the air traffic environment (e.g. controller view, pilot view, general traffic situation, etc.). The utilization of all simulation systems in the Institute of Flight Guidance is focused on scientific research, and thus significant effort is placed in the analysis of simulation results. To support this task, the Institute of Flight Guidance has implemented the software system Extensible Workflow Management for Simulations (EWMS) for simulation process and data management. EWMS supports most of the simulation environments used within the institute, and provides generic reporting algorithms independent of the simulation system used. As the different simulation environments use a wide range of output data types and formats, the simulated flight trajectories have to be converted into one common format for subsequent analysis using the generic algorithms built into EWMS. Therefore, a unified description of flight phases and flight events was developed based on the CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team (CICTT) Phase of Flight Definitions (see Stepens and de Kock in Phase of flight definitions and usage notes, CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team, Version 1.0.2, 2010) as well as flight event definitions from the EUROCONTROL CDM Implementation Manual (see Lagios in Airport CDM implementation manual, 2006), and taking into account the flight phase and event models of different simulation environments. A survey of the simulation environments used in the institute resulted in an initial set of flight phases that could be generated by the different simulators. These flight phases were mapped onto the CAST/ICAO definitions, and extensions were made where the CAST/ICAO model offered no corresponding flight phase. Conditions for each phase of flight (e.g., departure boarding, taxi to runway, initial climb, etc.) were documented. Similarly, conditions for the different flight events (e.g., estimated and actual landing time, estimated and actual in-block-time, etc.) and their relation to flight phase boundaries were defined and documented. The resulting unified flight phase and event model was validated through interviews with ATM and simulation experts, air traffic controllers, flight test engineers and pilots. Finally, the model was implemented within the EWMS parsers for the simulation-specific data files. To account for the different capabilities of different simulation environments, the model offers several levels of detail for the individual flight phases, e.g., where one environment may simply...

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“…[5,16]). Within DLR's research project Remote Airport Traffic Control Center (RAiCe), the impact of this control concept on the human operator and principal requirements for a RTC workplace is investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to support controller work-place design in a multi-airport environment using fast and real-time simulations

et al. 2011

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The DLR Institute of Flight Guidance is one of the leading establishments in the field of air traffic management research worldwide. Research is conducted using different simulation models. The fast time simulation tools (e.g. Simmod, AirTOp, etc.) offer the possibility to examine various aspects of the air traffic in short evaluation cycles. Especially long lasting, complex traffic flows can be well analysed with the help of these tools. In contrast to the fast time simulation tools, the real time simulation facilities operated by the Institute allow the so-called human-in-the-loop research. For instance, the Apron-and Tower Simulator (ATS) emulates the air traffic controller's working environment at the airport. Within this environment, the impact of new concepts on the controllers can be examined. The influence of different traffic scenarios, additional assistant systems, work organization and the design of workplaces on controllers' task-and workload can be researched in this way. Inside the ''Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt'' (DLR) project Remote Airport Traffic Control Center (RAiCe), an approach was developed to combine both types of the described simulation models. Therefore, the fast time simulation was enhanced with elements representing typical tasks of a controller (e.g. separation keeping or radio communication). By this approach, it was possible to preselect appropriate traffic scenarios and to determine special traffic events. At the ATS, air traffic controllers were confronted with the selected scenarios and events. Based on their performance, conclusions concerning different remote tower operation concepts were made. Within this paper, the cooperative use of fast and real time simulation is reviewed. A five step cooperative strategy is suggested to allow for efficient scenario design that enables the validation expert to design scenarios with specific traffic situations using a fast time simulation tool. Furthermore, harmonizing fast and real time simulation offers the possibility to use data of the fast time simulation as scenarios for real time simulations, and real time simulations can be used for the validation of fast time simulation models. Data of the simulations within RAiCe are introduced. The application of the cooperative use of fast and real time simulation for validation of future ATM concepts is indicated.

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Remote airport traffic control center with augmented vision video panorama

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Zoom lens calibration with zoom- and focus-related intrinsic parameters applied to bundle adjustment

Zoom lens calibration with zoom- and focus-related intrinsic parameters applied to bundle adjustment

A unified flight phase and event model for the analysis of heterogeneous ATM simulations

An approach to support controller work-place design in a multi-airport environment using fast and real-time simulations

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