The performance and ATC integration of DLR's wake vortex advisory system "WSVBS" (Wirbelschleppen-Vorhersage-und-Beobachtungssystem) for the dependent parallel runway system 25L and 25R at Frankfurt Airport are described. WSVBS has components to forecast and monitor the local weather and to predict and monitor wake transport and decay along the glide paths. It is integrated in the arrival manager AMAN of DLR. Each 10 minutes it delivers minimum safe aircraft separation times for the next hour to air traffic control. These times are translated into operational modes for runways 25L/R aiming at improving the capacity. From 66 days of a performance test at Frankfurt it was found that the system ran stable and the predicted minimum separation times were safe. The capacity improving concepts of operation could have been used in 75% of the time and continuously applied for at least several tens of minutes. From fast-time simulations the eventual capacity gain for Frankfurt was estimated to be 3% taking into account the real traffic mix and operational constraints in the period of one month.
The research activities of the DLR Institute of Flight Guidance include validation and verification of new systems and procedures, such as airport infrastructure, routes, or assistance systems for air traffic controllers and pilots. Research is supported by a number of different simulation environments. Real-time simulators (RTS) like the Apron and Tower Simulator or the Air Traffic Management and Operations Simulator, as well as several fast-time simulation (FTS) tools focus on different parts of air traffic and help to examine various aspects of the air traffic environment (e.g. controller view, pilot view, general traffic situation, etc.). The utilization of all simulation systems in the Institute of Flight Guidance is focused on scientific research, and thus significant effort is placed in the analysis of simulation results. To support this task, the Institute of Flight Guidance has implemented the software system Extensible Workflow Management for Simulations (EWMS) for simulation process and data management. EWMS supports most of the simulation environments used within the institute, and provides generic reporting algorithms independent of the simulation system used. As the different simulation environments use a wide range of output data types and formats, the simulated flight trajectories have to be converted into one common format for subsequent analysis using the generic algorithms built into EWMS. Therefore, a unified description of flight phases and flight events was developed based on the CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team (CICTT) Phase of Flight Definitions (see Stepens and de Kock in Phase of flight definitions and usage notes, CAST/ICAO Common Taxonomy Team, Version 1.0.2, 2010) as well as flight event definitions from the EUROCONTROL CDM Implementation Manual (see Lagios in Airport CDM implementation manual, 2006), and taking into account the flight phase and event models of different simulation environments. A survey of the simulation environments used in the institute resulted in an initial set of flight phases that could be generated by the different simulators. These flight phases were mapped onto the CAST/ICAO definitions, and extensions were made where the CAST/ICAO model offered no corresponding flight phase. Conditions for each phase of flight (e.g., departure boarding, taxi to runway, initial climb, etc.) were documented. Similarly, conditions for the different flight events (e.g., estimated and actual landing time, estimated and actual in-block-time, etc.) and their relation to flight phase boundaries were defined and documented. The resulting unified flight phase and event model was validated through interviews with ATM and simulation experts, air traffic controllers, flight test engineers and pilots. Finally, the model was implemented within the EWMS parsers for the simulation-specific data files. To account for the different capabilities of different simulation environments, the model offers several levels of detail for the individual flight phases, e.g., where one environment may simply...
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