Remarkable Temperature Sensitivity of Partially Carbonized Carbon Fibers with Different Microstructures and Compositions

Liu, Zijin; Wang, Jun; Li, Chang; Zheng, Chengli; Zhang, Bin

doi:10.3390/ma14227085

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, for a sing sheet of a lyocell-based carbon fabric obtained by carbonization at 900, 1100, and 1300 °C, the electrical conductivity obtained were 3.57 ± 0.15, 5.96 ± 0.31, and 8.91 ± 0.24 S m −1 , respectively. This is due to the growth of the crystallographic order of carbon fabrics in line with the carbonization temperature that facilitated electron transport [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Finally, when three sheets of lyocell-based carbon fabrics obtained at 1300 °C were stacked, the highest electrical conductivity, 10.80 ± 0.30 S m −1 , was obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic-Interference-Shielding Effectiveness of Lyocell-Based Carbon Fabrics Carbonized at Various Temperatures

et al. 2022

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Lyocell is a biodegradable filament yarn obtained by directly dissolving cellulose in a mixture of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and a non-toxic solvent. Therefore, herein, lyocell fabrics were employed as eco-friendly carbon-precursor substitutes for use as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. First, a lyocell fabric treated with polyacrylamide via electron beam irradiation reported in a previous study to increase carbon yields and tensile strengths was carbonized by heating to 900, 1100, and 1300 °C. The carbonization transformed the fabric into a graphitic crystalline structure, and its electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) were enhanced despite the absence of metals. For a single sheet, the electrical conductivities of the lyocell-based carbon fabric samples at the different carbonization temperatures were 3.57, 5.96, and 8.91 S m−1, leading to an EMI SE of approximately 18, 35, and 82 dB at 1.5–3.0 GHz, respectively. For three sheets of fabric carbonized at 1300 °C, the electrical conductivity was 10.80 S m−1, resulting in an excellent EMI SE of approximately 105 dB. Generally, EM radiation is reduced by 99.9999% in instances when the EMI SE was over 60 dB. The EMI SE of the three lyocell-based carbon fabric sheets obtained at 1100 °C and that of all the sheets of the sample obtained at 1300 °C exceeded approximately 60 dB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic-Interference-Shielding Effectiveness of Lyocell-Based Carbon Fabrics Carbonized at Various Temperatures

et al. 2022

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“…Similar to the previous work [32], the CNF powder used in this study shows negative W D . This finding, which is not usual in carbon nanostructures [43,46,47], can be explained by the presence of impurities, such as the oxygen detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the same type of Pyrograf ® III CNFs [23,48,49]. These impurities could activate a thermal-enhanced backscattering mechanism due to the presence of virtual bound-states, represented as sharp peaks near the E F in the density of states [46,50].…”

Section: Electronic Modelling Of Peek/cnf Compositesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermoelectric Properties of N-Type Poly (Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanofiber Melt-Processed Composites

et al. 2022

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The thermoelectric properties, at temperatures from 30 °C to 100 °C, of melt-processed poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites prepared with 10 wt. % of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are discussed in this work. At 30 °C, the PEEK/CNF composites show an electrical conductivity (σ) of ~27 S m−1 and a Seebeck coefficient (S) of −3.4 μV K−1, which means that their majority charge carriers are electrons. The origin of this negative Seebeck is deduced because of the impurities present in the as-received CNFs, which may cause sharply varying and localized states at approximately 0.086 eV above the Fermi energy level (EF) of CNFs. Moreover, the lower S, in absolute value, found in PEEK/CNF composites, when compared with the S of as-received CNFs (−5.3 μV K−1), is attributed to a slight electron withdrawing from the external layers of CNFs by the PEEK matrix. At temperatures from 30 °C to 100 °C, the σ (T) of PEEK/CNF composites, in contrast to the σ (T) of as-received CNFs, shows a negative temperature effect, understood through the 3D variable-range hopping (VRH) model, as a thermally activated hopping mechanism across a random network of potential wells. Moreover, their nonlinear S (T) follows the same behavior reported before for polypropylene composites melt-processed with similar CNFs at the same interval of temperatures.

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“…Carbon fibers (CFs), known as the "king of new materials", are special fibers with a carbon content of greater than 90%. Owing to their excellent properties, such as lightweight nature, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance, CFs have been widely used in aerospace and automobile industries, biomedicine, sports, energy generation, and other industries [1][2][3]. The industrial processing steps of CFs include spinning, stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspired by Skeletal Muscles: Study of the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Derived Lignocellulose-Based Carbon Fibers

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Skeletal muscles exhibit excellent properties due to their well-developed microstructures. Taking inspiration from nature that thick filaments and thin filaments are linked by “cross-bridges”, leading to good stability and ion transport performance of muscles. In this work, extracted poplar lignin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were connected by biomimetic covalent bonds, akin to biological muscle tissue, in which isophorone diisocyanate was used as the chemical crosslinking agent. Then, poplar lignin–MCC was mixed with polyacrylonitrile to serve as the precursor for electrospinning. The results show that due to the effective covalent-bond connection, the precursor fibers possess excellent morphology, smooth surface, good thermal stability, and high flexibility and toughness (average elongation-at-break is 51.84%). Therefore, after thermal stabilization and carbonization, derived lignocellulose-based carbon fibers (CFs) with a reduced cost, complete fiber morphology with a uniform diameter (0.48 ± 0.22 μm), and high graphitization degree were obtained. Finally, the electrodes fabrication and electrochemical testing were carried out. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the Rs and Rct values of CFs supercapacitors are 1.18 Ω and 0.14 Ω, respectively. Results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) suggest that these CFs demonstrate great application potential in electrochemical materials.

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Remarkable Temperature Sensitivity of Partially Carbonized Carbon Fibers with Different Microstructures and Compositions

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Electromagnetic-Interference-Shielding Effectiveness of Lyocell-Based Carbon Fabrics Carbonized at Various Temperatures

Electromagnetic-Interference-Shielding Effectiveness of Lyocell-Based Carbon Fabrics Carbonized at Various Temperatures

Thermoelectric Properties of N-Type Poly (Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanofiber Melt-Processed Composites

Inspired by Skeletal Muscles: Study of the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Derived Lignocellulose-Based Carbon Fibers

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