Relationship of defense mechanisms to field dependence-independence.

Ihilevich, David; Gleser, Goldine C.

doi:10.1037/h0031014

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…This has been demonstrated most clearly for males (Bogo et aI., 1970;Donovan et aI., 1975;Ihilevich & GIeser, 1971;Rohsenow et aI., 1978), but it has also been found in one sample of females (Ihilevich & GIeser, 1971). On the other hand, both TAO and PRO are consistently found to be associated with field independence (Bogo et aI., 1970;Donovan et aI., 1975;Ihilevich and GIeser, 1971;Rohsenow et aI., 1978). Most studies have found PRN to be unrelated to the field dependence variable.…”

Section: Field Dependence-independencementioning

confidence: 95%

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The Development of Defense Mechanisms

Cramer

1991

188

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Section: Field Dependence-independencementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two lines of evidence negate this possibility. First, when males and females were matched for preferred defense strength, they did not differ in field dependence-independence (Ihilevich & GIeser, 1971). Second, field dependence relationships with defenses hold within one sex: males who are high on REV and T AS are 124 6.…”

Section: Field Dependence-independencementioning

confidence: 95%

The Development of Defense Mechanisms

Cramer

1991

188

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“…Two attention-styles are most frequently linked to psychological defense, perceptual scanning (Silverman, 1964(Silverman, , 1967 and field articulation (Ihilevich & Gleser, 1971;Silverman, 1964;Witkin, 1965). The scanning attention-style was the principal concern of the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations among Chronicity, Diagnosis, Premorbid Adjustment, Defensiveness and Two Measures of Perceptual Scanning

Haley

1971

Percept Mot Skills

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Si~mmary.-The attention style of perceptual scanning has been related to the variables of chronicity, diagnosis, and premorbid adjustment. In addition, a functional defensive significance has been attributed to scanning. However, recent research has questioned the adequacy of the standard size-estimation task employed as a scanning measure. The current smdy explored relations among chronicity, diagnosis, premorbid adjustment, impulsivity and defensiveness, using eye movements and performance on a task with central and ~e r i~h e r a l elements -as scanning measures. Neither impulsivity nor premorbid adjustment was related to either scanning measure. Chronicity, diagnosis and defensiveness were related to the latter scanning measure. High chronicicy and high defensiveness were associated with lower scanning. Regarding diagnosis, paranoids showed higher scanning than neurotics but did not differ significantly from nonparanoid schizophrenics. Problems of scanning assessment are discussed.

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“…The instrument yields quantified defensive measures in the following areas: TurningAgainst-Object (TAO) which includes the acting out responses, Projection (PRO), Reversal-of-Affect (REV) which corresponds to reaction formation, Principalization (PRN) including the defenses of rationalization and intellectualization, and Turning-Against-Self (TAS) which measures intropunitive tendencies. Studies which have used the DM1 as a characterological predictor of behavior focused on such topics as field dependence (Ihilevich & Gleser, 1971), suicidal tendencies (Scholz, 19731, alcoholism (Sugarman, Sheldon, & Roth, 197% dream recall and participation in psychotherapy (Gleser & Ihilevich, 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

Defensive Style: State or Trait?

Jüni¹,

Yanishefsky²

1983

Journal of Personality Assessment

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The susceptibility of the Defense Mechanism Inventory (Gleser & Ihilevich, 1969) to situational stress variables was evaluated by an experiment where 54 men and 52 women were given half the inventory, then were given word puzzles to solve which were either easy or difficult, and finally given the second half of the inventory. Results showed that the composite measure of defensive style, which contrasts the acting-out defenses from the inward focusing ones, was not affected differentially by the experimental manipulation. The specific defense indices were affected by the experimental manipulation for men but not for women. The composite measure is thus shown to be a basic trait impervious to situational stress, while the specific defenses are seen more as resembling situational states.

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Relationship of defense mechanisms to field dependence-independence.

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

The Development of Defense Mechanisms

The Development of Defense Mechanisms

Relations among Chronicity, Diagnosis, Premorbid Adjustment, Defensiveness and Two Measures of Perceptual Scanning

Defensive Style: State or Trait?

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