Relationship between parental hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Abstract

Survey 2013. The associations between parental hypertension and cardiometabolic abnormalities in adolescents were evaluated through multivariate logistic regression.Parental hypertension was noted in 16.2% of participants. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, and obesity (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.09-4.07) were significantly higher in participants with parental hypertension. The adjusted ORs for abdominal obesity (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.01-5.56), high blood pressure (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.19-7.78), and elevated alanine transaminase defined as >35 IU/L (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.03-7.95) were significantly higher in participants with parental hypertension. Prevention of cardiometabolic risk factors should be reinforced in the offspring of hypertensive parents. | INTRODUCTIONCardiometabolic abnormality refers to a high lifetime risk for cardiovascular diseases. Some specific factors that can cause increased risk include obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). and approximately 60% of these overweight adolescents had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. 5Cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents is a major health concern, not only because of the accompanying health and social problems in the short term but also because of the possibility that such risk factors may persist into adulthood and affect health in the long term.Previous studies have shown that the pathological processes in the development of associated risk factors occur during childhood. 6-9 A 55-year follow-up study showed that adults who were overweight in adolescence had an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, independent of their adult weight. 6 These results demonstrate that primary prevention starting from early in life among high-risk adolescents is necessary.In adolescents, the assessment of family history is considered a useful and fundamental tool for screening cardiometabolic diseases.High-risk adolescents could be influenced by two main factors: hereditary and environmental factors. Parents tend to influence the overall health of their offspring, and the effect of a genetic basis and strong family history exists in the development of cardiometabolic risk in children. 10 Children and adolescents usually imitate the unhealthy lifestyle habits of their parents, such as an unbalanced diet, smoking, and physical inactivity, and such shared family habits can lead to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. 11Among the family histories of diseases, parental hypertension is one of the most important in the risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases. A positive family history of hypertension is associated with an increased risk for hypertension and obesity in adults.12 Normotensive adolescent offspring with hypertensive parents were found to have significantly higher serum insulin levels, which indicates that insulin resistance precedes the onset of clinical hypertension in persons geneti...

Riwayat Hipertensi Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Dominan Hipertensi pada Remaja Kelas XI SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok Tahun 2017

“…7 Begitu pula dengan kasus di Korea Selatan yang menyatakan bahwa riwayat hipertensi orangtua merupakan faktor dominan hipertensi remaja usia 13-19 tahun. 8 Menurut jenis kelamin, remaja lakilaki lebih berisiko terkena hipertensi dibandingkan dengan perempuan. 9 Status gizi berperan penting pada terjadinya masalah hipertensi remaja.…”

“…Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya. [7][8] Faktor genetik yang berperan pada kejadian hipertensi, memberikan dua bentuk hipertensi yaitu hipertensi yang diturunkan secara Mendelian atau disebut dengan hipertensi monogenik (monogenic hypertension) dan hipertensi yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak gen (polygenic hypertension). Hipertensi monogenik (monogenic hypertension) telah dilaporkan paling sedikit terjadi akibat mutasi pada 10 gen. Kelainan yang mendasari hipertensi monogenik akibat mutasi gen adalah gangguan pada protein tubuli ginjal yang berperan pada ganguan transport natrium.…”

Kajian Literatur: Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia

“…Hipertensi pada remaja juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh riwayat hipertensi keluarga, seperti kasus yang ditemukan di Korea Selatan yang mana riwayat hipertensi keluarga merupakan faktor dominan kejadian hipertensi pada remaja 14 Riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan faktor pola asuh dalam keluarga yang meliputi pola makan. 15 Terdapat berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga sebagai faktor risiko dalam kejadian hipertensi pada remaja sehingga dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko tersebut.…”

“…Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik diperoleh bahwa riwayat hipertensi keluarga merupakan faktor dominan hipertensi pada remaja dan remaja dengan riwayat hipertensi keluarga memiliki risiko mengalami hipertensi 3,9 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan remaja yang tidak memiliki riwayat hipertensi keluarga. Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian Yoo dan Park 14 yang menemukan riwayat hipertensi keluarga memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan hipertensi pada remaja dan remaja dengan riwayat hipertensi keluarga memiliki risiko 3,05 lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi. Selain itu, riwayat hipertensi keluarga merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada remaja.…”

Association between hypertension in adolescents and the health risk factors of their parents: an epidemiological family study

“…5,6 Parental hypertension has been associated with a higher risk of hypertension in their children. 7 Although there is a link between genetic factors and the development of hypertension in adolescents, 8 factors related to parental lifestyle may also contribute to this phenomenon. For example, Simonetti et al 9 observed significant associations between parental smoking and hypertension in children, even after adjusting for confounding factors such as body mass index, parental hypertension, and birth weight.…”