Relação entre as Populações Naturais de Arraias de Água Doce (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) e Pescadores no Baixo Rio Juruá, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a pesca negativa das arraias de água doce no município de Juruá, Amazonas. Foram entrevistados 50 pescadores cadastrados na Colônia de Pescadores de Juruá, Z21. Os potamotrigonídeos foram capturados principalmente com malhadeiras. Ocorrem nove espécies de arraias de água doce no baixo Juruá, sendo as mais abundantes Potamotrygon motoro e Potamotrygon cf. scobina. Foram encontrados arraias de água doce nos lagos, rios e praias, com o período de maior ocorrência na vazante e seca do rio Juruá. O destino dados às arraias pelos pescadores após a sua pesca é o sacrifício dos animais (59%), mutilação (35%) e soltura na natureza (6%). Foi estimado que no ano de 2012 houve o sacrifício de 10.660|, mutilação de 3.562 e a soltura de apenas 286 arraias. Metade dos entrevistados sofreram acidentes com os potamotrigonídeos, com ataques principalmente nos pés (70%). Existe uma diversidade alta de potamotrigonídeos no baixo rio Juruá, que está diretamente associada a pesca negativa, nessa localidade é importante adotar medidas de educação ambiental com os pescadores para evitar a sobrepesca e dessa forma conservar esses elasmobrânquios na localidade.

Injuries caused by freshwater stingrays in the Tapajós River Basin: a clinical and sociodemographic study

“…Because of this close connection with the fluvial environment, injuries caused by venomous and other potentially dangerous aquatic animals are important causes of morbidity and of temporary or permanent work incapacity, especially among fishermen. Due to the frequency of injuries they inflict, stingrays of the Potamotrygonidae family constitute the most important group of injury-inducing aquatic animals in these areas [4][5][6] .…”

“…The largest number of species is found in the Amazon region. These stingrays are struggling to survive because fishing exerts pressure on their food supply, they are captured for commercial purposes (e.g., for display in aquariums), and are vulnerable to being captured during dry periods, which is when the risk of injuries to humans is also highest [4][5][6][7][8] . These stingrays are feared by the local populations due to the severity of the envenomation caused by the stingers located in the tail; up to four stingers may be present in the tail.…”

“…These stingrays are feared by the local populations due to the severity of the envenomation caused by the stingers located in the tail; up to four stingers may be present in the tail. These stingers are dentin-based structures covered with venom-producing cells (Figure 1) [4][5][6][7][8] . Perforating and/or lacerating injuries are caused by sharp, serrated stings that occur when these animals are stepped on or handled.…”

“…Perforating and/or lacerating injuries are caused by sharp, serrated stings that occur when these animals are stepped on or handled. Fishermen, bathers, people washing clothes, and other groups that remain in shallow areas such as fluvial beaches and lakes are exposed to this danger, especially during the Amazon dry season (July to December) 4,8 . The sting causes excruciating pain and marked local inflammation that manifests as severe edema and erythema (Figure 1).…”

“…The sting causes excruciating pain and marked local inflammation that manifests as severe edema and erythema (Figure 1). Injuries may be associated with skin necrosis and serious bacterial infections, which can cause temporary or permanent work inability, particularly among fishermen [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . The only effective first aid treatment is to soak the affected area (usually the extremities) in tolerably hot water for 30-90 minutes; this promotes vasodilation (counterbalancing the intense vasoconstriction caused by the venom) and helps with thermal inactivation of heat-labile toxins 7,8,10 .…”