In 2018 we captured specimens of Oreachromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Danau Kastoba, a crater lake on Bawean (Indonesia), a small, isolated island in the Java Sea. Additional individuals were later photographed. These records are among first of this species from an isolated island, in the Java Sea. A description of meristic and morphometric features of a specimen are provided.

Abstract. Hasan V, Valen FS, Islamy RA, Widodo MS, Saptadjaja AM, Islam I. 2021. Short Communication: Presence of the vulnerable freshwater goby Sicyopus auxilimentus (Gobiidae, Sicydiinae) on Sangihe Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 571-579. A single specimen of freshwater goby Sicyopus auxilimentus was photographed and collected using fish traps between 8 and 15 September 2019 in the Laine waterfall, Sangihe island district, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. S. auxilimentus is amphidromous that live in both freshwater and marine environments. This species is currently listed as Vulnerable (VU) within the IUCN Red List Status. The specimen was identified as male S. auxilimentus based on the coloration of the preserved specimen: background yellowish; scale edges brown; posterior flanks and caudal peduncle orange; first dorsal fin black, second dorsal fin dusky black; pectoral fin slightly brown; ventral fin slightly dusky; anal fin blackish; caudal fin dusky brown. Specific morphological features were as follows: the base of the first dorsal fin was not connected to the second dorsal fin base; distance between the base of first and second dorsal fin was generally less than half of eye diameter; ventral fin rays were fused to belly only between fifth rays; posterior margin of caudal fins rays was rounded; scales were all ctenoid; scales appeared on the caudal peduncle, and between anal and second dorsal fins; anterior to which, scales became widely spaced and did not imbricate. Meristic characters were as follows: first dorsal fin rays VI; second dorsal fin rays I+9; ventral fin rays I+5; pectoral-fin rays 14; anal-fin rays I+9; caudal-fin rays 13; scales in lateral series 13; scales in zigzag series 7; scales in transverse series backward 7; scales in transerves series forward 4. This finding is considered the first record in Sulawesi and the fifth from Indonesian waters after findings in Halmahera, Java, Bali and Lombok. This record enhances the understanding of the distribution of S. auxilimentus in Indonesian waters. Monitoring is needed to assess the possibility of Sangihe Island being a growth ground, spawning ground, and/or on the migration route of S. auxilimentus. In the Laine waterfall, Sangihe island, freshwater conditions were as follows: salinity 3.5 psu, temperature 23-25°C, and dissolved oxygen 7.7-9.2 mg/l, which were ideal habitat for S. auxilimentus. S. auxilimentus from Sangihe Island, had 0.000 genetic distance than from S. auxilimentus from Bali, while the next closest genetic distance was S. zosterophorus at genetic distance of 0.090. In addition to onsite conservation, domestication programs are needed to increase commercial availability without depending on natural catches.

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Abstract. Pratama WW, Nursyam H, Hariati AM, Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Short Communication: Proximate analysis, amino acid profile and albumin concentration of various weights of Giant Snakehead (Channa micropeltes) from Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1196-1200. Fish is an important foodstuff due to its nutritional value and high protein. One of popular fish as a foodstuff in tropical Asia is giant snakehead fish (Channa micropeltes). This study aims to examine the proximate composition, amino acid profile, and albumin concentration of giant snakeheads in various weights and to determine the best weight of giant snakeheads according to the proximate, amino acid, and albumin concentration. This research used natural-caught giant snakehead as a material of study, which was categorized into 4 weight sizes consisting of 4-5 grams (B1), 6-14 grams (B2), 15-34 grams (B3), 35-300 grams (B4). Based on the results of the test, the highest water content was found in B1 of 80.5%, the highest levels of protein and fat were in the B4 group of 16.8% and 1.7%, respectively. The highest total amino acid profile was found in B4, with the highest composition of essential amino acids, lysine, which was 2.02%, while the composition of the highest non-essential amino acid in glutamate was 3.60%. The highest albumin levels were in the B4 group which was 16.7%. According to the result of this research, the best weight to consume according to the proximate analysis (Protein, fat content), amino acid profile, and albumin concentration is a giant snakehead at the weightiest of 35-300 grams (B4).

Abstract. Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3127-3134. Mangrove forests are crucial to gastropods providing breeding and nursery grounds, food sources, and shelter from predators. They are useful bioindicators of environmental pollution. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the species richness of gastropods mangrove environments. This study aims to provide information about the species composition of mangrove snails in the South Coast of Pamekasan (Madura Island), East Java, Indonesia. Samplings were performed at low tide from 4 stations in December 2019 using a transect (10m x 10m). All samples were identified using reference books and published journal. We found a total of 10 family consist of Assimineidae, Cerithiidae, Ellobiidae, Littorinidae, Muricidae, Neritidae, Olividae, Planaxidae, Potamididae, and Trochidae with consist of 15 Genus, i.e., Assiminea, Clypeomorus, Cerithium, Rhinoclavis, Laemodonta, Littorarina, Tenguella, Semiricinula, Nerita, Clithon, Oliva, Planaxis, Pirenella, Telescopium, and Monodonta. The most common substrate where mangrove snails were found was rocks, sandy, and around the tree and roots of mangrove. All gastropods in this study found alive during our surveys and predominantly mangrove associated. We assume that there are still many snails that have not been surveyed at the location. We suggest to the future researcher to survey through different sampling efforts and sampling methods such as quantitative or semi-quantitative methods.

Abstract. Hasan V, Widodo MS. 2020. Short Communication: The presence of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) in the fresh waters of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4433-4439. A single subadult specimen of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas was photographed and captured by local fisherman using casting net on June 2020 in the upper Indragiri River, Riau Province, Indonesia. Carcharhinus leucas are one of only a few species of elasmobranchs that live in both marine and freshwater environments. This species currently listed as a near-threatened species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Singel specimen identified as C. leucas by the coloration of fresh specimen: white belly and greyish back, first dorsal fin high, tip of second dorsal and caudal fins black. Meristic characters measurement results as follows: total length 102 cm; fork length 86.3 cm; preanal length 65.1 cm; pre pelvic length 51.9 cm; pre pectoral length 22.5 cm; pre-orbital length 8.3 cm; head length 25 cm; pre-first dorsal length 29.4 cm; pre-second dorsal length 56 cm, and pre-caudal length 78.1 cm. This photo is considered as the third record from freshwaters of Sumatra after in the Batang Hari River, Jambi Province in 1997, and in the Musi River, South Sumatra Province in 2019. The photographic records indicate that a single specimen of C. leucas was found in the upper Indragiri River recorded more than 150 km inland. These results enhanced the understanding of C. leucas distribution in Sumatra freshwaters. Monitoring is needed to assess the possibility of the importance of the upper Indragiri River as a migration route, nursery, and growth ground of C. leucas. Studying small scale habitat use of C. leucas is challenged by their preferred habitats in freshwaters environments with fast-changing environmental conditions. Water conditions in the upper Indragiri River, namely salinity 0‰, temperature 25-27°C, dissolved oxygen 3.9-11.1 mg/l, are ideal for A. leucas habitat.

Beardless Barb Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) is a species known from Indonesia, including Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Madura. This paper provides the first record of C. apogon in the Nyanyi River, one of the major rivers in South Bali, thereby extending the species distribution up to 100 km east from the earlier record. The specimens of C. apogon were characterized as follows: dorsal fin rays 12; anal fin rays 8–9; pectoral fin rays 17–18; lateral line scales 34–35. A description of detailed morfological characters of a specimen are provided.

A single specimen of a bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle 1839) with c. 102 cm of total length was landed and photographed on 25 March 2019 in Sungai Mawai Lama, about 25 km inland, Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. This rare finding represents only the second record of C. leucas in inland Peninsular Malaysia. This shark was identified as C. leucas by the snout much shorter than the width of mouth and bluntly rounded, first dorsal fin triangular, rearward sloping, originating over or slightly behind pectoral insertion, second dorsal fin much smaller than the first dorsal fin (< 3.1:1), and lack of an interdorsal ridge. The coloration of fresh specimen: greyish back and white belly, the dark coloration on the tip of the caudal fins and second dorsal fin. This species is currently listed as a vulnerable species based on the IUCN Red List Status. Further study and monitoring are needed to assess the possibility of the importance of Sungai Mawai Lama as critical habitat of C. leucas.