Relação Do Perfil Epidemiológico Dos Cuidadores De Idosos Com Demência E a Sobrecarga Do Cuidado

Abstract

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos cuidadores e sua relação com a sobrecarga proveniente do cuidado ao idoso com demência. Estudo descritivo transversal, amostra não probabilística com 94 cuidadores de idosos com demência, realizado num Centro de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de fevereiro a junho de 2016, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e escala de Zarit. Quarenta e seis (50%) cuidadores apresentaram sobrecarga moderada, 35 (38%) pouca sobrecarga e 11 (12%) sobrecarga moderada/severa; 71 (77%) cuidadores usavam de 1 a 5 medicamentos e 20 (22%) 6 a 11 medicamentos. Observou-se as tendências: indivíduos com rendas mais baixas evidenciaram maiores níveis de sobrecarga; cuidadores com menor tempo de experiência possuíam sobrecarga moderada; quanto maior a sobrecarga, menor a média da idade. Verificou-se que a sobrecarga do cuidado coloca o cuidador em condições de vulnerabilidade biológica e psicológica. DESCRITORES: Demência; Cuidadores; Enfermagem familiar; Idosos; Vulnerabilidade. RELAÇÃO DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CUIDADORES DE IDOSOSCOM DEMÊNCIA E A SOBRECARGA DO CUIDADO* Fue objetivo del estudio evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los cuidadores y su relación con la sobrecarga del cuidado al anciano con demencia. Estudio descriptivo transversal, con muestra probabilística con 94 cuidadores de ancianos con demencia, realizado en un Centro de Atención a la Salud del Anciano en estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron obtenidos de febrero a junio de 2016, por medio de cuestionario sociodemográfico y escala de Zarit. Cuarenta y seis (50%) cuidadores presentaron sobrecarga moderada, 35 (38%) poca sobrecarga y 11 (12%) sobrecarga moderada/severa; 71 (77%) cuidadores usaban de 1 a 5 medicamentos e 20 (22%) 6 a 11 medicamentos. Se observaron las siguientes tendencias: individuos con rentas más bajas evidenciaron mayores niveles de sobrecarga; cuidadores con menos tiempo de experiencia tenían sobrecarga moderada; cuanto mayor la sobrecarga, menor la media de edad. Se verificó que la sobrecarga del cuidado pone el cuidador en condiciones de vulnerabilidad biológica y psicológica.

Sociodemographic and health characteristics of formal and informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer’s Disease

“…This result is in accordance with findings of the research of Leite et al (2017), whereby great part of the informal caregivers had more than 10 years of schooling. 19 Furthermore, such level of schooling was also presented in the study of Diniz et al (2018). 15 This is a fundamental factor in the care for the elderly people, since the low schooling may influence directly in the quality of the service provided.…”

“…This, besides bringing consequences regarding the care for the elderly, could give rise to adverse health outcomes of this public. 19 About the health profile, a significant difference in the number of diseases among the groups is observed, with informal caregivers presenting a higher average. Only the informal caregivers reported having a disease (73.1%); what diverges from the study of Diniz et al (2018), which evidenced the predominance of health complaints in the formal caregivers, such as back ache, what could be explained by the difference in the activities of care performed or work load.…”

“…10 In Brazil, an extensive work was carried out to develop a Portuguese version of BDI and study of its psychometric properties, with authorization of The Psychological Corporation and support of the Home of the Psychologist. 11 The classification of the intensity of depression, based on the BDI scores in Brazilian standards, is: minimal (0-11), light (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderate (20-35), severe (36-63). 11 The Perceived Stress Scale (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10) was developed by Cohen et al (1983) and translated and validated for Brazil by Luft et al (2007).…”

“…In addition, the hours of care, a day, constituted 16.6 hours worked by the group of the informal and 13.0 by the formal. According to Leite et al (2017), there is the possibility that the caregivers does not receive the support necessary, such as the reduction of the workload, division of tasks and the access to the health public services, in an early way, according to the time required for the care. This, besides bringing consequences regarding the care for the elderly, could give rise to adverse health outcomes of this public.…”

Conhecimentos e sobrecarga do familiar cuidador frente ao paciente com demência

“…The reduced Zarit Burden Inventory, translated by Scazufca and validated in research already carried out in Brazil, was applied concurrently in order to assess the burden of the family caregiver. Burden is the name given to "a set of physical, psychological, emotional, social and financial problems experienced by family members and caregivers for old people with disabilities", that is, when adaptation to the health-disease process does not occur in a healthy way 11,12 . The Zarit scale is used to assess the burden, exploring the caregiver's perception of how care impacts his life.…”