Objective: to evaluate and compare the sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, anxiety and perceived stress of formal and informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study with 44 caregivers that were divided into two groups of 26 informal caregivers (IC) and 18 formal caregivers (FC). The Instrument for Characterization of the Caregiver, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were applied. Results: Of those IC, the majority were women (96.2%), mean age of 52.9 years, majority represented by sons (daughters) (65.4%). They presented, on average, depressive symptoms (10.1%), anxiety symptoms (11.5%) and scored 32.1 in the PSS. The FC group, the majority were women (94.4%), mean age of 45.2 years were not related to the elderly people (66.7%). They presented, on average, depressive symptoms (7.1%), anxiety symptoms (6.4%) and scored 31.7 in the PSS. Conclusion: Similarities were shown in the sociodemographic aspects, but the groups differ in the health profile, revealing an alert for the planning of interventions looking for health promotion and disease prevention. Implications for practice: The study contributes to the improvement of the caregivers´ quality of life.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar questões e reflexões sobre a produção historiográfica referente ao estudo dos trabalhadores e do movimento sindical brasileiro durante a Ditadura Militar (1964-1985), à luz da literatura sobre o período autoritário que abarca a chamada “história do tempo presente”. Procura-se chamar a atenção para um certo apagamento da presença dos trabalhadores e suas organizações representativas de classe verificada no conjunto de análises mais recentes sobre o período. Dessa forma, ao revelar as ações das classes trabalhadoras e expor os dilemas do movimento sindical frente à política trabalhista elaborada a partir do governo do marechal Castelo Branco (1964-1967) e à repressão policial-militar, este estudo busca contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do cenário político instaurado em 1964. Ademais, a segunda parte do artigo apresenta um conjunto de temáticas abordadas nos estudos mais recentes realizados sobre trabalho, trabalhadores e sindicalismo na Ditadura Militar, apontando ainda para determinadas lacunas e desafios historiográficos.

Background Most people with dementia are living in low‐ and middle‐income countries and are being cared for at home by their families. This task can negatively affect the mental and physical health of carers. However, public health initiatives to support family carers are still scarce. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the iSupport programme from World Health Organization for use by carers of people with dementia in Brazil. Methods The translation of the programme from English to Brazilian Portuguese was conducted by a professional translator. The translated content was discussed and checked for relevance, clarity and accuracy by a multidisciplinary team of researchers in Brazil. Next, 16 focus groups (n=48) were conducted with family carers of people with dementia and health and social care professionals in Sao Carlos‐SP, Brasilia‐DF and Sao Lourenco‐MG. Discussions were aimed at exploring whether the content of the translated version of iSupport was both clear and relevant to the needs of carers of people with dementia in Brazil. Representatives of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and Alzheimer’s Associations also contributed to this assessment. Results Overall, all participants had positive views of the iSupport material. In addition to researchers and translators, carers and professionals helped refine the text to make it clearer and more tuned to the Brazilian context. In general, participants found the material clearly written and culturally relevant. A few changes were suggested with regards to terminology and examples given in the modules to better fit the Brazilian culture and health systems, and links to relevant web pages of the Brazilian Alzheimer Association were included. Although further information could be added, the existing material was seen as sufficient. Conclusion The translation and cultural adaptation of iSupport included inputs from four categories of participants and showed that the programme was considered easy to understand and culturally relevant for carers of people with dementia in Brazil. The next step will be to pilot the translated and culturally adapted programme with carers in Brazil to establish its efficacy and usability.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de intervenção cognitiva domiciliar sobre a cognição, a sobrecarga e o estresse em cuidadores de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, tipo quase-experimental, com 17 cuidadores informais de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer. Utilizaram-se o Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS) e a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit para a avaliação antes e depois da intervenção. Analisaram-se os resultados pelo SPSS, aplicando-se o test t de student para avaliar o efeito da intervenção. Resultados: identificaram-se mulheres (88,2%), com idade média de 52,5 anos e escolaridade média de 8,8 anos. Constatou-se melhora significativa na cognição geral pelo MEEM (p=0,008) e ACE-R (p= 0,003) e nos domínios atenção (p= 0,004), memória (p= 0,017) e fluência verbal (p= 0,023). Conclusão: avaliou-se pela intervenção cognitiva domiciliar melhora na cognição geral em cuidadores de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer, podendo ser uma importante ferramenta de promoção a saúde. Descritores: Idoso; Cuidadores; Cognição; Estresse Psicológico; Estudo de Intervenção, Geriatria.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of cognitive intervention on cognition, overload and stress in caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: this is a quasi-experimental quantitative study with 17 informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Zarit's Overload Scale were used for the evaluation before and after the intervention. The results were analyzed by the SPSS, applying the Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: women (88.2%) were identified, with a mean age of 52.5 years and mean schooling of 8.8 years. It was found a significant improvement in the general cognition by the MEEM (p = 0.008) and ACE-R (p = 0.003) and in the attention domains (p = 0.004), memory (p = 0.017) and verbal fluency (p = 0.023). Conclusion: it was evaluated by the cognitive home improvement intervention in general cognition in caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease, and can be an important tool to promote health. Descriptors: Aged; Caregivers; Cognition; Stress, Psychological; Clinical Trial; Geriatrics.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de intervención cognitiva domiciliaria sobre la cognición, la sobrecarga y el estrés en cuidadores de ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, tipo casi-experimental, con 17 cuidadores informales de ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se utilizaron el Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), la Escala de estrés percibido (PSS) y la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit para la evaluación antes y después de la intervención. Se analizaron los resultados por el SPSS, aplicándose el test t de student para evaluar el efecto de la intervención. Resultados: se identificaron mujeres (88,2%), con edad media de 52,5 años y escolaridad promedio de 8,8 años. Se observó una mejora significativa en la cognición general por el MEEM (p = 0,008) y ACE-R (p = 0,003) y en los dominios atención (p = 0,004), memoria (p = 0,017) y fluencia verbal (p = 0,023). Conclusión: se evaluó por la intervención cognitiva domiciliaria mejora en la cognición general en cuidadores de ancianos con Enfermedad de Alzheimer, pudiendo ser una importante herramienta de promoción a la salud. Descriptores: Anciano; Cuidadores; Cognición; Estrés Psicológico; Ensayo Clínico; Geriatria.

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This introduction highlights the main subjects and research questions addressed in the articles making up this Special Issue on the labour histories of transport in the Global South. Although historiographical interest in the history of transport labour is growing, scientific knowledge on the subject is still very limited. This is especially true for histories from outside Europe and North America. Important topics and research problems covered here are: (1) transport labour as facilitating the exchange and mobility of goods but also of peoples and ideas – as such transport constitutes a noteworthy element of social history; (2) transport labour as a factor of production which is relevant for industrial and agrarian societies, as well as for market-driven and socialist economies; (3) the extent to which the processes of globalization, imperial expansion, and the emergence of global capitalism owe a debt to transport labour of the global south and its micro-histories.

Resumo o artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do Sindicato dos Químicos de São Paulo e sua relação com a categoria durante o regime civil-militar. Dessa forma, procura-se compreender o impacto do golpe e as mudanças provocadas no movimento sindical após o processo de intervenção estatal. Por meio da análise da trajetória do Químicos, considerado atualmente uma das entidades trabalhistas mais importantes do país, observam--se os mecanismos utilizados pelos governos autoritários para controlar a entidade sindical, bem como a atuação das diretorias conhecidas como "pelegas" e o movimento de luta e de resistência dos trabalhadores para reocupar a entidade. Palavras-chave: movimento sindical; trabalhadores químicos; Ditadura civil--militar. AbstractThe article aims to analyze the role of the Chemical Workers Trade Union of São Paulo and its relations with the rank-and-file during the Civil-Military Dictatorship. It seeks to understand the impact of the coup d'état in 1964 as well as the changes in the labour movement. The trajectory of the Chemical Workers Trade Union, which is considered one of the most important in the country, enables an investigation of the strategies used by the authoritarian regime to control labour organizations. It also allows an examination of the role of trade unionists called "pelegos", as well as the workers' struggle to resist and to reclaim the trade union again.

l propósito de este artículo es analizar un conjunto de fuentes disponibles para los estudios sobre el impacto de la dictadura militar brasileña en el movimiento sindical y los trabajadores. Además, también buscamos trazar un mapa de documentos que haga posible investigar el papel de las empresas como colaboradoras del régimen autoritario que estuvo vigente en Brasil entre los años de 1964 y 1985. A partir de la descripción de los archivos, sugerimos una reflexión metodológica sobre como comprender la historia de la dictadura militar desde la perspectiva de la historia social, es decir, “desde abajo”. Por último, el artículo busca establecer un diálogo con el conjunto de las investigaciones realizadas sobre los trabajadores y el movimiento sindical en el ámbito de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad (2011 a 2014), pensando en las posibilidades de ir más allá del trabajo ya realizado.