Regulatory variability of camalexin biosynthesis

Schuhegger, Regina; Rauhut, Thomas; Glawischnig, Erich

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2006.04.012

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To shunt naringenin toward 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, it is crucial to induce late-pathway enzymes such as DFR, ANS, and F39H (see Figure 1). Similarly, induction of camalexin in Arabidopsis has been associated with transcriptional activation of both early pathway genes for the biosynthesis of tryptophan and late-pathway genes such as anthranilate synthase (Zhao and Last 1996;Schuhegger et al 2007). In rice, the biosynthesis of sakurantein was shown to be correlated with the accumulation of naringenin and the induction of naringenin O-methyltransferase (Kodama et al 1992;Rakwal et al 2000Rakwal et al , 2001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Ibraheem¹,

2010

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In Sorghum bicolor, a group of phytoalexins are induced at the site of infection by Colletotrichum sublineolum, the anthracnose fungus. These compounds, classified as 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, have structural similarities to the precursors of phlobaphenes. Sorghum yellow seed1 (y1) encodes a MYB transcription factor that regulates phlobaphene biosynthesis. Using the candystripe1 transposon mutagenesis system in sorghum, we have isolated functional revertants as well as loss-of-function alleles of y1. These near-isogenic lines of sorghum show that, compared to functionally revertant alleles, loss of y1 lines do not accumulate phlobaphenes. Molecular characterization of two null y1 alleles shows a partial internal deletion in the y1 sequence. These null alleles, designated as y1-ww1 and y1-ww4, do not accumulate 3-deoxyanthocyanidins when challenged with the nonpathogenic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Further, as compared to the wild-type allele, both y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 show greater susceptibility to the pathogenic fungus C. sublineolum. In fungal-inoculated wild-type seedlings, y1 and its target flavonoid structural genes are coordinately expressed. However, in y1-ww1 and y1-ww4 seedlings where y1 is not expressed, steady-state transcripts of its target genes could not be detected. Cosegregation analysis showed that the functional y1 gene is genetically linked with resistance to C. sublineolum. Overall results demonstrate that the accumulation of sorghum 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and resistance to C. sublineolum in sorghum require a functional y1 gene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Phytoalexin-Dependent Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight Requires a Functional yellow seed1 in Sorghum bicolor

Ibraheem¹,

2010

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“…Camalexin refers to the molecule 3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole which was isolated from the leaves of the crucifer Camelina sativa infected with Alternaria brassicae (Glawischnig, 2007). In addition, high concentrations of camalexin have been observed at the infection site of Alternaria alternata (Schuhegger et al, 2007) and in the proximity to the lesions induced by Botrytis species (Kliebenstein et al, 2005). Similarly, the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with both biotrophic and necrotrophic plant pathogens induce camalexin formation (Thomma et al, 1999, Roetschi et al, 2001.…”

Section: Nitrogen-and Sulphur-containing Compounds Phytoalexinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced plant secondary metabolites for phytopatogenic fungi control: a review

Ribera

Zúñiga

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Pathogenic fungi constitute one of the main infectious agents in plants, causing alterations during developmental stages including post-harvest. Phytopathogenic fungi are controlled by synthetic fungicides; however, the use of these is progressively restricted due to both, the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and human health and the appearance of highly resistant fungal strains. Therefore, there is a great demand for novel natural fungicides. Higher plants are rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites of wide variety such as tannins, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other compounds, reported to have in vitro antifungal properties. Thus, secondary metabolites with antifungal activity represent an alternative for achieving a sustainable control of phytopathogenic fungi and to reduce the heavy reliance of synthetic pesticides used to control them. Plant antifungal metabolites may be preformed inhibitors that are present constitutively in healthy plants (phytoanticipins), or they may be synthesized de novo in response to pathogen attack or another stress conditions (phytoalexins). These molecules may be used directly or considered as a precursor for developing better fungicidal molecules. This review presents a selection of antifungal agents induced in plants during fungal attack that can be potentially used for phytopathogenic fungi control in crops.

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“…In several pathosystems, camalexin accumulation as well as transcripts of relevant biosynthesis genes were found to be strictly limited to the infection sites and correlated with the spatial expansion of the pathogen. 6,7 To investigate if this holds for the P. capsici-Arabidopis pathosystem, we checked expression of these marker genes during infection of Arabidopsis Ler-0. This accession is susceptible to LT123 (DSI 2.1), but even more susceptible to LT263 (DSI 3.9).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%