Reforma psiquiatrica brasileira: muito a refletir

Abstract

RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira a partir das práticas que vêm tentando consolidala, ressaltando questões e impasses atuais. É uma contribuição à historiografia de um processo que está em curso, podendo incidir em riscos metodológicos por se realizar uma análise no decorrer do próprio processo. A despeito de inúmeras dificuldades, ao longo desses anos a Reforma foi abraçada por diversos segmentos sociais, ocorrendo avanços consideráveis no modo de perceber e assistir a pessoa em sofrimento mental, com crescente conscientização da sociedade em torno da compreensão de que um outro tipo de atenção, mais terapêutico, humano e libertador, é possível de ser dispensada. Estratégias e parcerias informais ou formais vêm permitindo ampliar o leque de alternativas assistenciais e construir histórias alentadoras e de sucesso no tratamento na área. Mesmo assim, é necessário manter-se vigilante e atento a Descritores: Formulação de políticas; Enfermagem psiquiátrica; Saúde mental tentativas de retrocessos ideológicos e assistenciais. ABSTRACTThis study reflected on the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform beginning with clinical practice, highlighting current questions and issues. This study is a contribution to the historiography of a continuing process, making it possible to incur methodological risks by carring on an analysis during the process itself. In spite of numerous difficulties, during these years the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform has been embraced by several social classes, resulting in remarkable advances in the perception of assistance to the person with mental suffering, while increasing society's sensitivity that another kind of attention, more therapeutic, human and liberating, is possible to be given. Several formal and informal strategies and partnerships have been expanding the range of alternatives in clinical practice, resulting in comforting and successful stories in psychiatric treatment. Even so, it is necessary to keep under surveillance and to be attentive to ideological and clinical practice retrocession. RESUMENEste estudio a tenido por objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileña a partir de las prácticas que vienen intentando consolidarla, resaltando cuestiones e impases actuales. Es una contribuición a la historiografia de un proceso que está en curso, pudiendo incidir en riesgos metodológicos por realizarse un análisis en el transcurso del propio proceso. A pesar de la innumerables dificultades, a lo largo de esos años, la Reforma fue abrazada por diversos segmentos sociales, ocurriendo avances considerables en el modo de percibir y asistir a la persona en sufrimiento mental, con creciente concienciación de la sociedad en torno a la compresión de que otro tipo de atención, más terapéutico, humano y libertador, es posible de ser dispensada. Estrategias y asociaciones informales o formales vienen permitiendo ampliar el abanico de alternativas asistenciales y construir historias alentadoras y de éxito en el tratamiento en...

Processo de enfermagem na saúde mental: revisão integrativa da literatura

“…The Brazilian psychiatric reformation, a movement organized based on an heterogeneous knowledge field and practices related to clinics, politics, culture, and legal-judicial relationships, influenced the creation of the new models of mental health care adopted nowadays (1) . Consequently, this movement sustained transformations in the health care, which resulted in the need to reorganize the working process of the professionals involved in the care provided to the mental ill (1) .…”

“…Consequently, this movement sustained transformations in the health care, which resulted in the need to reorganize the working process of the professionals involved in the care provided to the mental ill (1) . In the context of these changes, nursing starts to develop actions aimed at overcoming the guardianship paradigm through the understanding of suffering in its complex relationship between the psychic, social and political determinants (2)(3) .…”

“…Therefore, when nurses assume their position as therapeutic agents along with patients suffering from psychic suffering, their therapeutic contribution can be through the NP (10) . Thus, nursing care becomes consonant with the current context and Brazil's public policies that advocate their attention in a contextualized way with the social, political, economic and cultural determinants of the subjects (1,11) . In this manner, it is possible to see the possibility of NP to structure the care for patients suffering from psychic suffering, based on the establishment of the therapeutic relationship, which extends the perspective of care to the clinical, social, political and cultural issues of the individual being treated.…”

Analysis of Nursing Dissertations and Theses on Mental Health, Brazil, 1979-2007

“…Psychiatric reform seeks to enable mental health into other health programs, social movements and institutions (12) .…”

Articulação entre Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Serviços de Atenção Básica de Saúde

“…Gradually, structured measures for a national public policy in setting guidelines of a reformist nature will be linked to important achievements, with the implementation of successful innovative experiences in all Brazilian regions, the redirection of finances for mental health interventions, prioritization of alternatives to hospitalization, and formalization of stricter rules for the operation of public psychiatric hospitals or contracted services (2) .…”